独占的競争と大学に関する理論的考察 (Theoretical Research on Monopolistic Competition and University)

Takaharu Ishii
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Japanese Abstract: 本研究は、日本の大学に独占的競争モデルを導入し、理論的側面から考察した。その結果、大学数は人口規模に依存することが確認された。東京・大阪・愛知・福岡・石川・仙台など大規模な人口を有する県では大学数が増加する一方、大規模な人口の県に隣接する県にとって大学数が減少する可能性があることを確認した。 地方大学の学生が都市部で就職活動をおこなう際の移動費用をモデルに導入し、学生が移動費用を授業料に加えて入学時の大学選択に活用する場合、地方大学は都市部またはその近郊への立地を選択しようとする。その結果、都市部の大学数が増えることで競争度が高まり、生存するために授業料を低く提示することで価格競争が生じる可能性がある。地方大学も又、就職活動の際の移動費用を考慮して、授業料を低く提示しようとするかもしれない。 また、大学は地方を選択し、就職先は都市部を選択するという状況が現実に生じているが、地方創生の観点からすると、地方は消費者として大学生は確保できるが、労働者として地方で働く労働者の確保にはつながらず、地方経済の活性化にはつながらないと考えることができる。地方大学の増加だけでなく、地方大学が就職先を地方に確保することが地方経済の活性化には不可欠である。また専門職大学と研究大学のように教育内容が大きく異なる2種類の大学を隣接する県がともに存在していた場合、大学数の多寡による競争度に影響されることなく、隣接する県と比べ、県内人口の少ない県は人口シェア以上に大学数の比率が減少する可能性がある。大学数の増加は競争激化をもたらすが、大学数が多くない県の大学であっても人口規模が少ない県の大学は経営難に陥ることを示す。入学者数の減少からコストカットを重視する経営となり、優秀な教員の増加や学内基盤整備が見送られる事態となる可能性が生じる。対策としては、大規模人口を有し、自大学の学生が就職先に選択しがちな隣接県や隣接していない県との移動費用を低下させる取り組みである。就職活動の際の学生の費用を軽減するため、学生を東京・大阪等に送迎する自大学保有のバスや宿泊先の確保等が対策となる。就職活動に係るコストを考慮すると、学生は大学のある地方で就職先を見つけることができれば、入学時に地方大学を選択する可能性は高まるであろう。 English Abstract: This study introduced a monopoly competition model in Japanese universities and examined it from the theoretical side. As a result, it was confirmed that the number of universities depends on the population size. It was confirmed that the number of universities may increase in prefectures with large populations such as Tokyo, Osaka, Aichi, Fukuoka, Ishikawa and Sendai, while the number of universities may decrease for prefectures adjacent to prefectures with large populations. did. If students of regional universities introduce transfer costs for job hunting in urban areas into the model, and students use the transfer costs in addition to tuition fees to select universities at the time of admission, regional universities will be Trying to choose a location for. As a result, competition will increase as the number of universities in urban areas increases, and price competition may occur by lowering tuition fees for survival. Regional universities may also try to offer lower tuition fees, taking into account travel costs for job hunting. In addition, the reality is that universities select rural areas and employers select urban areas. From the perspective of regional revitalization, rural areas can secure university students as consumers, but rural areas as workers. It can be considered that it does not lead to securing workers who work in the country and does not lead to revitalization of the local economy. It is indispensable not only to increase the number of local universities, but also to secure employment for local universities in rural areas in order to vitalize the local economy. Also, if there are two prefectures adjacent to each other, such as a profession university and a research university, which have greatly different educational content, there is no effect on the competition due to the large number of universities, and , The ratio of the number of universities may decrease more than the population share in prefectures with a small population. Although the increase in the number of universities will intensify competition, it shows that even in the prefectures with few universities, the universities in the prefectures with a small population are in business difficulties. Due to the decrease in the number of enrolled students, the management will focus on cost cutting, which may lead to a situation in which the number of excellent faculty members increases and the infrastructure of the university is postponed. As a measure, it is an effort to reduce the cost of moving to and from neighboring prefectures that have a large population and that students at their own universities tend to choose employment destinations. In order to reduce the cost of students for job hunting, it will be necessary to secure a bus owned by their university and accommodations to transfer students to Tokyo, Osaka, etc. Considering the cost of job hunting, if a student can find a place of employment in a region where the university is located, the possibility of selecting a regional university at the time of admission will increase.
独占的競争と大学に関する理論的考察 (Theoretical Research on Monopolistic Competition and University)
Japanese Abstract:本研究从理论层面考察了日本大学的垄断竞争模式。结果证实,大学数量取决于人口规模。东京、大阪、爱知、福冈、石川、仙台等拥有大规模人口的县的大学数量在增加,而与大规模人口的县相邻的县则有可能出现大学数量减少的情况。将地方大学学生在城市就业时的交通费用引入模式,学生将交通费用加到学费中,用于入学时的大学选择时,地方大学会选择在城市或近郊落脚。其结果,随着城市大学数量的增加,竞争度也随之提高,为了生存可能会降低学费,从而产生价格竞争。地方大学考虑到求职时的交通费用,可能会降低学费。另外,大学选择地方,就业地点选择城市的状况在现实中发生,从地方创生的观点来看,地方可以确保作为消费者的大学生,但是不能确保作为劳动者在地方工作的劳动者。我们可以认为,这并不能激活方经济。为了搞活地方经济,不仅要增加地方大学,还要确保地方大学的就业地点。另外,在邻接县同时存在像专门职业大学和研究性大学这样教育内容大不相同的两种大学的情况下,不会受到大学数量多寡的竞争度影响,与邻接县相比,县内人口少的县以人口占有率为依据。而且大学数的比率有可能会减少。大学数量的增加会带来竞争的激化,大学数量不多的县的大学,人口规模少的县的大学会陷入经营困难。由于入学人数的减少,经营变得重视削减成本,优秀教师的增加和校内基础建设可能会被搁置。作为对策,要努力降低与邻县和非邻县之间的移动费用,邻县拥有大规模人口,是大学的学生容易选择就业的地方。为了减轻学生就业活动时的费用,在东京、大阪等地配备接送学生的自大学自有巴士和确保住宿等成为对策。考虑到就业活动的成本,如果学生能在大学所在的地方找到工作,入学时选择地方大学的可能性就会提高。english abstract:This study introduced a monopoly competition model in Japanese universities and examined it from thetheoretical side. As a result,it was confirmed that the number of universities depends on the population size. it was confirmedthat the number of universities may increase in prefectures with large populations such as Tokyo,Osaka, Aichi, Fukuoka, Ishikawa and Sendai,while the number of universities may decrease for prefectures adjacent to prefectures with largepopulations. did. If students of regional universities introduce transfer costs for job hunting inurban areas into the modeland students use the transfer costs in addition to tuition fees to select universities at the timeof admission, regional universities will be Trying to choose a location for. As a result,competition will increase as the number of universities in urban areas increases,and price competition may occur by lowering tuition fees for survival. Regional universities mayalso try to offer lower tuition fees,taking into account travel costs for job hunting. In addition,the reality is that universities select rural areas and employers select urban areas. From theperspective of regional revitalization, rural areas can secure university students as consumers,but rural areas as workers. It can be considered that It does not lead to securing workers who workcountry and does not lead to revitalization of the local economy. It is indispensable notonly to increase the number of local universities,but also to secure employment for local universities in rural areas in order to vitalize the localeconomy. Also, if there are two prefectures adjacent to each other,such as a profession university and a research university,which have greatly different educational content,there is no effect on the competition due to the large number of universities, andThe ratio of The number of universities may decrease more than The population share in prefectureswith a small population. Although the increase in the number of universities will intensifycompetition, it shows that even in the prefectures with few universities,the universities in the prefectures with a small population are in business difficulties. Due to thedecrease in the number of enrolled students, the management will focus on cost cutting,which may lead to a situation in which the number of excellent faculty members increases and theuniversity is postponed. As a measureit is an effort to reduce the cost of moving to and from neighboring prefectures that have a largepopulation and that students at their own universities tend to choose employment destinations. Inorder to reduce the cost of students for job hunting,it will be necessary to secure a bus owned by their university and accommodations to transferstudents to Tokyo, Osaka, etc. Considering the cost of job hunting,if a student can find a place of employment in a region where the university is located,the possibility of selecting a regional university at the time of admission will increase。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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