Preindustrial Prime Movers and Fuels

V. Smil
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Most people in preindustrial societies had to spend their lives as peasants, laboring in ways that in some societies remained largely unchanged for millennia. But the inconsistent food surpluses that they produced with the aid of a few simple tools and the exertion of their muscles and the draft of their animals sufficed to support the unevenly advancing complexity of urban societies.
工业前的原动机和燃料
前工业化社会的大多数人不得不以农民的身份度过一生,他们的劳动方式在某些社会中几千年来基本没有改变。但是,他们依靠一些简单的工具和他们的肌肉和牲畜的运动所生产的不稳定的食物盈余,足以支持城市社会不均衡地发展的复杂性。
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