Significant bioactive compounds in crude methanol extracts and their fractions of acacia seyal gum

Abstract

This chapter investigated the bioactive compounds (BC) of crude methanol extract (CME) and the soluble fractions of chloroform (CHF), hexane (HF), acetone (AF) and methanol (MF) of raw Acacia seyal gum (ASG) and commercial Prebio-T (PTC), respectively. The CME and its diff erent soluble fractions were analysed and evaluated for their potential BC by using Raman Spectroscopy techniques. The fi ndings presented many comprehensive variation rules of chemical components provided by the Raman spectrum. The identifi cation process with the Raman spectra (RS) macroscopic fi ngerprint characters spectroscopy provided the details on gums and their extracts, chemical constituents, as well as the comparison of the diff erences of the components among the fractions. The results indicated that there are three Raman spectra of the enriched extracts obtained, and a comparison was made for the eff ective peaks against that of raw material gum (standard). The spectra of both raw gum samples (ASG and PTC) showed three major peaks at the approximated similar range of 2930, 1354 and 636 cm 2 1 ; whereas the spectra of MCE, MF and AF showed the same bands at about 1903 to 1373 cm 2 1 . However, the MF spectrum showed two diff erent bands at 805 and 572 cm 2 1 . The fi ndings showed that methanol crude extraction (CME) was found to be more eff ective than AF fractions in all the assays mentioned. Based on this study, the bioactivity of CME and its rich fractions are considered very promising and benefi cial for using Acacia seyal gum in food processing, medicine and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, the fi ngerprint peaks absorbance of other fractions might suggest some of the bioactive compound(s) of chloroform, hexane and methanol crude/fractions phytochemicals from Acacia seyal gum such as carotenoids (astaxanthin) and indolic alkaloids; phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, p -coumaric acid, caff eic acid and sinapic acid. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy is considered an eff ective tool for bioactive compounds identifi cation.