Normative Intersections of Trade, Investment and Sustainability Measures

M. C. Segger
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Abstract

This chapter briefly discusses the three ‘key points of tension’ or normative effects identified between the demands of trade and investment agreements that focus mainly on economic growth, and regulations for the environmental and social development, including the efforts of States to comply with specific trade and investment obligations in other international treaties. These points of tension are described and illustrated with interesting examples. The first tension involves the concern that new trade liberalization obligations of non-discrimination and most-favoured nation (MFN) treatment and new investment liberalization obligations, in certain specific sectors, could prevent States from effectively enacting trade-related measures to prevent unsustainable development. A second tension involves concerns that through a new trade and investment agreement, there will be increased incentives for trade or investment-led economic growth, which can exacerbate environmental and social problems that already exist at the domestic level due to lack of enforcement of the law. The third tension involves concerns that application of trade or investment rules for liberalization will inadvertently support unsustainable growth in obsolete technologies and sectors.
贸易、投资和可持续性措施的规范性交叉点
本章简要讨论了主要侧重于经济增长的贸易和投资协定的要求与环境和社会发展条例,包括各国遵守其他国际条约中具体贸易和投资义务的努力之间确定的三个“紧张关键点”或规范影响。这些紧张点用有趣的例子来描述和说明。第一个紧张关系涉及到对不歧视和最惠国待遇的新的贸易自由化义务以及在某些具体部门的新的投资自由化义务的关切,可能会阻止各国有效地颁布与贸易有关的措施,以防止不可持续的发展。第二个紧张关系涉及人们的担忧,即通过一项新的贸易和投资协定,将增加对贸易或投资带动的经济增长的激励,这可能会加剧国内因缺乏执法而已经存在的环境和社会问题。第三个紧张关系涉及对贸易或投资自由化规则的应用将无意中支持过时技术和部门的不可持续增长的担忧。
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