MEMLÜK SULTANLARININ HACLARI

Abstract

The term hajj which means “to go, to head, to visit” in Arabic means the worship of every Muslim who has the opportunity by visiting the Kaaba, Arafat, Müzdelife and Mina and fulfilling certain religious duties as a fiqh. Those who fulfill this worship are called haj (plural huccâc) in Arabic and haji in Turkish. Worship of hajj, which is defined as the right of Allah on people who can afford the journey in the 97th verse of Surah of AliImran, has been mentioned by the Prophet as one of the five pillars of Islam and advised to be performed without delay. Sultans, state governors, were not excluded from this worship which every Muslim is obliged to perform. However, in general, except for some of the rulers of states close to the Hejaz region, governors of Islamic / Turkish-Islamic states did not fulfil this worship for various reasons. For example; sultans of Great Seljuk Empire and Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate and rulers of the Ottoman Empire did not go on a hajj to Mecca. However, from sultans of Mamluk State dominating the entire Middle East as Egypt-based in the period 1250-1517, Baybars, Muhammad b. Kalavun, and Kayıtbay fulfilled the worship of hajj. Al-Malîk al-Ashraf Shaban lost his throne and was killed as a result of the revolt on his route to the hajj. In this study, hajj of the Mamluk sultans, whose names are mentioned, will be discussed in detail.