Perspectives on crime theories and juvenile’s recidivism based on socio -economic variables in south africa

Abstract

Despite the establishment of strategies for crime prevention, criminal activities from both adults and juveniles have increased over the past two decades in South Africa Tshiwula, 2001:24. Apparently, crime prevention approaches are focused on strict law enforcement which require the reform of the criminal justice system 1 rather than taking a multidisciplinary approach. As a result, combating crimes through law enforcement approach alone appears ineffective to reduce criminal activities and expresses the need to develop a cross-sartorial approach.2 Among which, the lack of job and absence or level of education have been pointed out as a clear determinant of crime.3 In an emerging knowledge economy, education plays a vital role and provides the most critical input for determining a country’s ability to participate in the global economy.4,5 Education, in conjunction with health and training, is also an important determinant of human capital formation.6 In her approach to human capabilities,7 identifies education among the central functional human capabilities, which may lead to individual well-being as well as the success of policy development.