Fulfillment of the obligation to protect the Matherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine as a circumstance that excludes criminal wrongfulness of the act

O. Sharmar
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Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of legislative changes related to the criminal law regulation of relations arising in connection with the imposition of martial law on the territory of Ukraine as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022. Legislative provisions on ensuring the participation of civilians in the defense of Ukraine are analyzed. The content of the circumstance that excludes the criminal illegality of the act of fulfillment of the duty to protect the Matherland, independence and territorial integrity of Ukraine, provided for in Article 431 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The concept of combat immunity and its relationship with the circumstance that excludes the criminal illegality of the act - the act associated with risk. Combat immunity is the release from military responsibility of military command, servicemen, volunteers of the Territorial Defense Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, law enforcement officers who, in accordance with their powers, participate in the defense of Ukraine, persons defined by the Law of Ukraine , including criminal, for the loss of personnel, military equipment or other military property, the consequences of the use of armed and other force in repelling armed aggression against Ukraine or the elimination (neutralization) of armed conflict, other defense tasks of Ukraine using any types of weapons (weapons), the occurrence of which with reasonable care could not be foreseen in the planning and implementation of such actions (tasks) or covered by justified risk, except in cases of violation of laws and customs of war or use of force under international treaties, viscosity of which is provided by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine". It is argued that the use of the phrase "impossible to predict" in the concept of combat immunity means the absence of negligent guilt and the composition of the criminal offense. Legislative inconsistencies between the provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Defense", the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police" on non-prosecution for repelling the enemy in the face of armed aggression of the Russian Federation are analyzed.
履行保护乌克兰祖国、独立和领土完整的义务是排除犯罪不法行为的一种情况
本文专门分析了由于俄罗斯联邦于2022年2月24日的武装侵略而在乌克兰领土上实施戒严令所引起的与刑法规定有关的立法变化。对确保平民参与保卫乌克兰的立法规定进行了分析。排除《乌克兰刑法》第431条规定的履行保护乌克兰祖国、独立和领土完整义务的行为的刑事非法性的情况的内容。战斗豁免的概念及其与排除与风险有关的行为的刑事非法性的情况的关系。战斗豁免是指免除军事指挥官、军人、乌克兰武装部队领土防卫部队志愿人员、根据其职权参与保卫乌克兰的执法人员、乌克兰法律规定的人员(包括罪犯)对人员、军事装备或其他军事财产损失的军事责任。在击退对乌克兰的武装侵略或消除(消除)武装冲突时使用武装和其他武力的后果,使用任何类型的武器(武器)的乌克兰其他防御任务,其发生在合理谨慎的情况下无法在计划和执行此类行动(任务)中预见到,或存在合理的风险,但违反战争法和惯例或根据国际条约使用武力的情况除外;其粘度由乌克兰最高拉达提供”。有人认为,在战斗豁免概念中使用"无法预测"一词意味着不存在过失犯罪和刑事犯罪的构成。分析了《乌克兰刑法典》与《乌克兰国防法》、《乌克兰国家警察法》关于在面对俄罗斯联邦武装侵略时击退敌人不起诉的规定之间的立法不一致之处。
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