FIGHTNING SUBLIMATION AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF COAL MATTER

Abstract

The processes of sublimation and crystallization of coal matter in underground conditions are considered and described. One of the solutions to the problem of the occurrence of large volumes of gas in emissions in coal mines was proposed. It is shown that the quasicrystals of coal, described in the middle of the 1980s by the author of the article, can have an increased specific surface area. The sizes of quasicrystals reach microns and nanometers. They are the link between the crystalline and amorphous forms of matter. Gas-dynamic and thermal phenomena, in the presence of disturbed zones with a sufficient number of quasicrystals with a large specific surface area, can lead to the process of sublimation of coal. Gas-dynamic phenomena at shallow depths with considerable humidity and methane content can lead to the process of crystallization and the formation of gas hydrates. Sublimation has an exothermic effect and is realized with an increase in entropy. Crystallization has an endothermic effect and is realized with decreasing entropy. A real proof of sublimation can be considered as the resonance release of different gases in the process of burning of coals. The absence of resonant emission of gases indicates a transition of combustion to the process of decay. Cold and hot emissions are a consequence of the implementation of sublimation and crystallization processes. Cold emission is characterized by the presence of frost on the emission cone. The hot release has an exogenous character and is characterized by an elevated temperature. An example is given of the spontaneous formation of gas hydrates in the case of a fault in the soil of mining. The possibility of isolating disturbed zones and gas accumulations is the basis for controlling gas-dynamic processes.