Gilles Deleuze

P. Patton, Jing Yin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Gilles Deleuze was one of the most important French philosophers of the second half of the 20th century. Born in 1925, he studied philosophy in Paris at the Lycée Carnot and the Sorbonne during the Second World War, passing the agrégation in 1949. He was trained in the history of philosophy by Ferdinand Alquié, Georges Canguilhem, and Jean Hippolyte, among others, and his early works were mostly monographs on individual philosophers, including Hume (Empiricism and Subjectivity, 1991 [1953]), Nietzsche (Nietzsche and Philosophy, 1983 [1962]), Kant (Kant’s Critical Philosophy, 1983 [1963]), and Bergson (Bergsonism, 1988 [1966]). He also published a book on Proust during this early period, which signaled a lifelong preoccupation with literature (Proust and Signs: The Complete Text, 2000 [1964]). He published essays on Sacher-Masoch (“Coldness and Cruelty,” in Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty by Gilles Deleuze and Venus in Furs by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, 1991 [1967]), Beckett, T. E. Lawrence, Melville, and Whitman (collected in Essays Critical and Clinical, 1997 [1993]). The end of this early period saw the publication of Deleuze’s doctoral studies, Difference and Repetition (1994 [1968]) and Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza (1990 [1968]), followed by The Logic of Sense (1990 [1969]). Deleuze’s metaphysics of difference intersected at some points with Derrida’s philosophy, but also departed from it in that Deleuze saw his practice of philosophy as straightforwardly metaphysical and constructive rather than deconstructive. In the 1960s, Deleuze taught at the University of Clermont-Ferrand. In 1969, at Foucault’s invitation, he took up a post at the experimental University of Paris 8 at Vincennes (later St. Denis), where he taught until his retirement in 1987. His encounter with Félix Guattari in the aftermath of May 1968 led to their two coauthored volumes under the general title Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1983 [1972]), followed by A Thousand Plateaus (1987 [1980]). This work produced a number of concepts that have been taken up in diverse fields across the humanities and social sciences. They also coauthored Kafka: For a Minor Literature (1986 [1975]), and a decade later they produced a reflective account of their practice of philosophy: What Is Philosophy? (1994 [1991]). A final phase of Deleuze’s work began after the publication of A Thousand Plateaus, and continued until his death in 1995. During this period he published an essay on the painting of Francis Bacon (Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation, 2003 [1981]) and two short monographs: Foucault (1988 [1986]) and The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque (1993 [1988]). He also published a very influential two-volume study of the nature and history of cinema: Cinema 1: The Movement-Image (1986 [1983]) and Cinema 2: The Time-Image (1989 [1985]). As noted above, a collection of his literary philosophical essays, Essays Critical and Clinical, appeared in 1993 before being translated into English in 1997. After a long period of respiratory illness, Deleuze committed suicide in November 1995.
吉尔·德勒兹是20世纪下半叶最重要的法国哲学家之一。他出生于1925年,第二次世界大战期间在巴黎的莱齐卡诺学院和索邦大学学习哲学,并于1949年通过了农业毕业考试。他在哲学史方面接受了费迪南德·阿尔基维尔、乔治·冈居朗和让·希波利特等人的培训,他的早期作品大多是关于哲学家个人的专著,包括休谟(《经验主义与主体性》,1991年[1953年])、尼采(《尼采与哲学》,1983年[1962年])、康德(《康德的批判哲学》,1983年[1963年])和柏格森(《柏格森主义》,1988年[1966年])。他还在早期出版了一本关于普鲁斯特的书,这标志着他一生对文学的关注(普鲁斯特和迹象:完整文本,2000[1964])。他发表了关于萨赫-马索克的文章(《冷酷与残忍》,收录在1991年[1967年]的《受虐狂:吉尔·德勒兹的冷酷与残忍》和利奥波德·冯·萨赫-马索克的穿着皮草的维纳斯》中),贝克特、t·e·劳伦斯、梅尔维尔和惠特曼(收录在1997年[1993年]的《批判与临床论文》中)。在这一早期阶段结束时,德勒兹发表了博士论文《差异与重复》(1994[1968])和《哲学中的表现主义:斯宾诺莎》(1990[1968]),随后又发表了《感觉的逻辑》(1990[1969])。德勒兹的差异形而上学在某些方面与德里达的哲学相交,但也有所不同,因为德勒兹认为他的哲学实践是直接的形而上学和建设性的,而不是解构的。20世纪60年代,德勒兹在克莱蒙费朗大学任教。1969年,在福柯的邀请下,他在文森的巴黎第八实验大学(后来的圣丹尼斯)任教,直到1987年退休。1968年5月之后,他与f利克斯·瓜塔里的相遇导致了他们共同撰写的两本书,总标题为《资本主义与精神分裂症:反俄狄普斯》(1983[1972]),随后是《千高原》(1987[1980])。这项工作产生了许多概念,这些概念已在人文和社会科学的各个领域被采用。他们还共同撰写了《卡夫卡:小文学》(1986[1975]),十年后,他们对自己的哲学实践进行了反思:《什么是哲学?》(1994[1991])。德勒兹创作的最后阶段开始于《一千个高原》的出版,一直持续到他1995年去世。在此期间,他发表了一篇关于弗朗西斯·培根绘画的文章(弗朗西斯·培根:感觉的逻辑,2003[1981])和两本短篇专著:福柯(1988[1986])和褶皱:莱布尼茨和巴洛克(1993[1988])。他还出版了一部非常有影响力的关于电影本质和历史的两卷本研究:《电影1:运动-影像》(1986[1983])和《电影2:时间-影像》(1989[1985])。如上所述,他的文学哲学论文集《批判与临床论文集》于1993年出版,1997年被翻译成英文。经过长时间的呼吸系统疾病,德勒兹于1995年11月自杀。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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