Spatial Variation of Heavy Metals Concentration in the Drinking Water of Rajanpur

Abstract

Punjab is the most populous area of Pakistan with around 100 million individuals and is confrontingsignificant issues of groundwater exhaustion and water quality deterioration. Groundwater quality in Rajanpur districtof Punjab is also deteriorating like other urban areas of Pakistan. Analysis of the chemical parameters of collectedwater revealed the notable contamination in Rajanpur. Samples were taken from different tube wells of Rajanpur overdifferent locations. A mapping of the total concentration of Arsenic (As), Iron (Fe), and Fluoride (F-) was carried out ondrinking water through GIS. Multiple locations exhibited water quality issues, surpassing both NEQ’S and WHOstandards for Arsenic (41% of samples), Iron (68% of samples), and Fluoride (21% of samples) out of a total of 41locations surveyed. The maximum contents of As, Fe, and F- were observed to be 1.6, 1.6, and 1.85 respectively. Asuitable and powerful removal innovative technology for these metals is required to save a huge number of individualsin Rajanpur from these metals hazardous effects. In the present era, a collective awareness has emerged, recognizingthe profound significance of ensuring access to pristine drinking water, advanced sanitation infrastructure, and elevatedstandards of personal hygiene. Governments have to take further steps to improve quality standards for drinking waterand to promote GIS technology. Thus GIS mapping and estimation would help us to estimate the smaller observationsand to take precautionary measures to prevent and control the contamination in drinking water