Nutritive rehabilitation of the patients after recovering from coma

Abstract

Background. Along with the measures to restore the basic body functions and prevent secondary brain injury, one of the key areas of modern rehabilitation is nutritional and metabolic support. Aims: to improve the results of the treatment of the patients by optimizing the system of nutritional and metabolic rehabilitation using enteral, parenteral, combined parenteral-enteral nutrition methods, who are undergoing rehabilitation after recovering from Coma resulting from injuries and diseases of the central nervous system. Methods. In a prospective cohort study, the results of the study and complex treatment of 113 patients after recovering from Coma as a result of brain injury of various etiologies who were undergoing rehabilitation in the period from 2017 to 2019 in the FNRC RR were analyzed. Results. Indirect calorimetry has proven to be the most accurate method for creating an effective and adequate program of nutritional and metabolic support in patients in chronic critical conditions who recovers from the coma. In patients who recovers from the coma, due to the excessive process of hypercatabolism, increasing protein requirements: the average protein requirements for a patient who recovers from the coma are 1.261.5 g of protein per kg/weight. Conducting optimal nutritional support for patients recovering from Coma involves determining the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract. To build an effective and adequate program of nutritional and metabolic support where accurate determination of energy needs is of great importance. Conclusions. The indirect calorimetry method is a valuable tool for assessing energy needs, although without taking into account the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract and other factors affecting body compositions, it may not be sufficient to prescribe optimal nutritional support in patients after recovering from Comatose.