Immigration Law's Due Process Deficit and the Persistence of Plenary Power

Abstract

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 119 I. Detention of Asylum Seekers ............................................................................... 120 II. Substantive Due Process Rights of Noncitizens ................................................. 125 A. Zadvydas v. Davis and Clark v. Martinez ............................................ 126 1. Zadvydas v. Davis ......................................................................... 126 2. Clark v. Martinez ........................................................................... 128 B. Rodriguez-Fernandez v. Wilkinson ..................................................... 129 C. Demore v. Kim .................................................................................... 130 D. Jennings v. Rodriguez .......................................................................... 132 III. R.I.L-R—Substantive Due Process Asylum Seekers—Immigration Detention Cannot Be Punishment ................................................................ 138 IV. Non-Immigration Civil and Criminal Preventive Detention ............................. 141 V. The Plenary Power Doctrine and Systemic Racial Bias—Asylum Seekers in Detention ..................................................................................................... 143 A. Immigration Law and History of Mistreatment of Central American and Mexican Immigrants..................................................... 143 B. The Plenary Power Doctrine’s Role in Immigration Racial Classifications ...................................................................................... 151 VI. Mainstreaming Constitutional Procedural Due Process – Disaggregation and Rule of Law .......................................................................................... 152 A. Rule of Law and Disaggregating Immigration Law Along Criminal Immigration Lines ............................................................................... 153 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 156