The effect of squalene on cellular energy and inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients

Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI:10.31989/dsn.v2i12.1025

D. Martirosyan, M. Ashoori, Afsaneh Seyed Mikaeili, Anne Serani, I. Sussman, H. Mirmiranpour

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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Background: Squalene is a 30-carbon ring hydrocarbon in the triterpene class. Squalene as a bioactive compound has been shown to have several health benefits specifically in the reduction of diabetic symptoms, including anti-inflammatory effects.Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine effect of squalene on specific parameters regarding energy production and inflammation in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These parameters included ATP, NAD/NADH, CoQ10, NFκB, IκB-alpha, IκK-alpha, and IκK-beta.Methods: 150 volunteers were selected for this study split into 5 groups. Group 1 contained 30 healthy participants and served as the control. The remaining 120 participants were split into 4 groups containing 30 volunteers each. All the participants in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Group 2 did not receive any squalene while group 3, group 4, and group 5 all received an oral supplementation of squalene at 200 mg/day, 400 mg/day and 600 mg/day respectively. Participants were prescribed to take the oral supplementation of squalene for a total of 84 days. Blood samples were taken on days 1, 14, 28, 56, and 84 in five time periods. For all participants ATP, NAD/NADH, CoQ10, NFκB, IκB-α, IκK-α and IκK-β levels of all groups were evaluated.Results: Throughout the 84 days there was a statistically significant difference when comparing the healthy group and the diabetic groups in reducing ATP, NAD/NADH and CoQ10 (P < 0.05) and increasing NFκB, IκB-α, IκK-α and IκK-β (P < 0.05). When compared, participants in groups 3, 4, and 5 also showed a statistically significant in the changes of ATP, NFκB, IκB-α, IκK-α and IκK-β levels.Conclusions: Squalene as a bioactive compound can play an important role in reducing inflammatory mediators and increases energy production.Keywords: squalene, diabetes mellitus, ATP production, NAD/NADH, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), CoQ10, NFκB, IkB-α, IκK-α, IκK-β

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角鲨烯对2型糖尿病患者细胞能量和炎症的影响

背景:角鲨烯是一种30碳环烃，属于三萜类。角鲨烯作为一种生物活性化合物已被证明具有多种健康益处，特别是在减轻糖尿病症状方面，包括抗炎作用。目的:研究角鲨烯对2型糖尿病患者能量产生和炎症等特定参数的影响。这些参数包括ATP、NAD/NADH、CoQ10、nf - κ b、i - κ b - α、i - κ k - α和i - κ k - β。方法:选取150名志愿者，分为5组。第1组30名健康受试者作为对照组。剩下的120名参与者被分成4组，每组30名志愿者。2、3、4、5组的所有参与者都患有2型糖尿病。组2不添加角鲨烯，组3、组4、组5分别口服角鲨烯200 mg/d、400 mg/d、600 mg/d。参与者被要求服用角鲨烯口服补充剂共84天。在第1天、第14天、第28天、第56天和第84天采集血样。对所有参与者进行ATP、NAD/NADH、CoQ10、nf - κ b、i - κ b -α、i - κ k -α和i - κ k -β水平的检测。结果:84 d时，健康组与糖尿病组在ATP、NAD/NADH、CoQ10降低(P < 0.05)， nf - κ b、i - κ b -α、i - κ k -α、i - κ k -β升高(P < 0.05)方面差异有统计学意义。比较3、4、5组患者ATP、nf - κ b、i - κ b -α、i - κ k -α、i - κ k -β水平变化均有统计学意义。结论:角鲨烯作为一种生物活性化合物，在减少炎症介质和增加能量产生方面具有重要作用。关键词:角鲨烯，糖尿病，ATP生成，NAD/NADH，活性氧(ROS)，辅酶q10, NFκB, IkB-α， IkB-α， IkB-α， IkB -β

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Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals

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