Institutional and Professional Values of the US Universities’ Academic Staff

I. Reheilo
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Abstract

The problem of value priorities in the US universities is actualized in the paper; they traditionally show high ranking positions and make the majority among the best higher education institutions in the international education and research areas. The fundamental institutional values of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, California Institute of Technology, Harvard University and University of Wisconsin-Whitewater are revealed aimed at implementing the best American universities experience for the development of higher education system and its quality in Ukraine. It is proven that American universities function on the basis of their own academic values and have their own culture and philosophy in addition to the established institutional values, such as institutional autonomy, academic freedom and shared governance. Consolidating the mission, vision and priorities of higher education institution development the institutional values reflect the peculiarities of the university’s activities and project the moral ideal of behavior of academic staff, students and graduates, who confirm to stakeholders their competitiveness at the labor market. It is revealed that a key and integral part of professional values in the US universities is academic freedom though which historically and traditionally the defense of democratic values is considered. It is grounded that academic freedom in the American university society is a prerequisite for developing knowledge, conducting research and publishing their results, it also causes the social and institutional responsibility, in particular for compliance with ethical standards of conduct and principles of integrity. It is reveled that the practical realization of the American professor’s right for academic freedom is the right for tenured appointment, which makes it possible to work without the administrative pressure and the risk to be fired because of his unpopular views and statements. It is established that the American Association of University Professors is the founder of the American understanding of academic freedom and the advocate of the universities’ academic staff rights, including their tenure.
美国大学学术人员的制度和专业价值
本文对美国大学的价值优先问题进行了实证分析;在国际教育和研究领域,它们传统上排名靠前,在最好的高等教育机构中占多数。麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学、加州理工学院、哈佛大学和威斯康星大学白水分校的基本机构价值被揭示,旨在为乌克兰高等教育系统的发展和质量实施最好的美国大学经验。事实证明,美国大学是在自己的学术价值观的基础上运作的,除了机构自治、学术自由和共同治理等既定的制度价值观之外,还有自己的文化和哲学。巩固高等教育机构发展的使命、愿景和优先事项,机构价值观反映了大学活动的特点,投射了学术人员、学生和毕业生的行为道德理想,向利益相关者证实了他们在劳动力市场上的竞争力。研究发现,学术自由是美国大学专业价值观的一个关键和不可或缺的组成部分,尽管从历史和传统上看,学术自由是对民主价值观的捍卫。美国大学社会的学术自由是发展知识、进行研究和发表成果的先决条件,它也导致了社会和机构责任,特别是遵守道德行为标准和诚信原则。揭示了美国教授的学术自由权的实际实现是终身聘任权,这使得教授可以在没有行政压力和因其不受欢迎的观点和言论而被解雇的风险的情况下工作。美国大学教授协会是美国人对学术自由的理解的奠基人,也是大学学术人员权利的倡导者,包括他们的任期。
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