Characterization and Comparison of Cloud versus Grid Workloads

Abstract

A new era of Cloud Computing has emerged, but the characteristics of Cloud load in data centers is not perfectly clear. Yet this characterization is critical for the design of novel Cloud job and resource management systems. In this paper, we comprehensively characterize the job/task load and host load in a real-world production data center at Google Inc. We use a detailed trace of over 25 million tasks across over 12,500 hosts. We study the differences between a Google data center and other Grid/HPC systems, from the perspective of both work load (w.r.t. jobs and tasks) and host load (w.r.t. machines). In particular, we study the job length, job submission frequency, and the resource utilization of jobs in the different systems, and also investigate valuable statistics of machine's maximum load, queue state and relative usage levels, with different job priorities and resource attributes. We find that the Google data center exhibits finer resource allocation with respect to CPU and memory than that of Grid/HPC systems. Google jobs are always submitted with much higher frequency and they are much shorter than Grid jobs. As such, Google host load exhibits higher variance and noise.