Individual Differences in and Situational Impact on Employee Proactivity

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to look into individual and situational factors of attachment security to offer a relational perspective to explain why there are individual differences in employees’ proactivity and how managers and organizations can influence employees’ proactivity. The chapter firstly discusses how we can use the concept of attachment styles to explain individual differences in employee proactivity. The chapter than elaborates how an employee’s relationships with different targets at work (e.g., relationships with supervisors, work groups, and organizations) can influence her/his sense of attachment security at work and shape her/his proactivity at work.