Optimal BESS Compensator Design for Fast Frequency Response

Abstract

Bulk integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into the power grids may cause reduced system inertia and high Rate-of-Change-of-Frequency (RoCoF), which calls for an improved Fast Frequency Response (FFR). FFR can be delivered by optimal utilization of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). In this paper, a compensator for BESS is designed to provide FFR. BESS is deployed in a sequence (fraction of the total capacity) rather than integrating the entire capacity into the grid at the time of grid frequency events. Optimal BESS compensator parameters with an inverter are obtained using various performance indices estimated by multiple metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The system frequency dynamics are presented with and without considering the BESS response. A numerical analysis reveals that the proposed BESS compensator improves system performance by 80.9% at the time of grid frequency events.