Enabling Conflict-free Collaborations with Cloud Storage Services

Minghao Zhao, Jian Chen, Zhenhua Li
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Abstract

Cloud storage services (e.g., Dropbox) have become pervasive in not only simple file sharing but also advanced collaborative file editing (collaboration for short). Using Dropbox for collaboration is much easier than SVN and Git, thus greatly facilitating common users. In practice, however, many Dropbox users are perplexed by unexpected collaboration conflicts, which severely impair their experiences. Through various benchmark experiments, we unveil the two root causes of collaboration conflicts: 1) Dropbox never locks an edited file during collaboration; 2) Dropbox only guarantees eventual data consistency among the collaborators, significantly aggravating the probability of conflicts. In this paper, we attempt to enable conflict-free collaborations with Dropbox-like cloud storage services. This attempt is empowered by three key findings and measures. First, although the end-to-end sync delay is unpredictable due to eventual consistency, we can always track the latest version of an edited file by actively resorting to the cloud via certain web APIs. Second, although all application-level data is encrypted in Dropbox, we can roughly deduce the sync status from traffic statistics. Third, applying a couple of useful mechanisms (e.g., distributed architecture and data lock) learned from Git, we can effectively and efficiently avoid collaboration conflicts-of course, this requires re-implementing Git mechanisms in cloud storage services with minimum overhead and user interference. Integrating above efforts, we build the ConflictReaper system capable of helping users automatically avoid almost all collaboration conflicts with affordable network and computation overhead.
通过云存储服务实现无冲突协作
云存储服务(例如Dropbox)不仅在简单的文件共享方面,而且在高级协同文件编辑(简称协作)方面已经变得普遍。使用Dropbox进行协作比SVN和Git容易得多,从而极大地方便了普通用户。然而,在实践中,许多Dropbox用户都被意想不到的协作冲突所困扰,这严重影响了他们的体验。通过各种基准测试,我们揭示了协作冲突的两个根本原因:1)Dropbox在协作期间从不锁定已编辑的文件;2) Dropbox只保证协作者之间最终的数据一致性,这大大加剧了冲突的可能性。在本文中,我们试图通过类似dropbox的云存储服务实现无冲突的协作。这一尝试得到了三个关键发现和措施的支持。首先,尽管端到端同步延迟是不可预测的,因为最终的一致性,我们总是可以通过某些web api主动求助于云来跟踪编辑文件的最新版本。其次,虽然所有应用级数据在Dropbox中都是加密的,但我们可以从流量统计中大致推断出同步状态。第三,应用从Git中学到的一些有用的机制(例如,分布式架构和数据锁),我们可以有效地避免协作冲突——当然,这需要在云存储服务中以最小的开销和用户干扰重新实现Git机制。综合上述努力,我们构建了一个ConflictReaper系统,能够帮助用户在可承受的网络和计算开销下自动避免几乎所有的协作冲突。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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