The symbol of the world tree in the ritual and everyday practice of the Kazakhs

D. Saikeneva, A. Naurzbayeva, A. Khazbulatov
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Abstract

The image of the world tree is universal in the mythology of the peoples of the world, it symbolizes the axis Mundi - the centre of the universe, the place of creation of space and time. This universal mythological symbol also carries the meaning of life and death. The concept of the world tree in various aspects of the traditions of the human life cycle has many meanings. From the cradle to the grave the «tree» accompanied the rites of the Kazakh people. In the cultural space of the Kazakh people, the world tree is a key element of the codification of traditional culture and is present in all layers of the traditional worldview. In the rites of the Kazakh people, the symbol of the world tree received an additional interpretation over time, losing its original meaning. Still, despite this, semantic analysis allows to reproduce of its original meaning and is considered a key element of the structure of the world. This article analyses the symbols of the world tree in the ritual-everyday practice of the Kazakh people with the help of structural-semiotic and comparative methods. The authors believe that the bakan, the hitching post and the ritual staff used in everyday life reflect the perception of the Kazakh people about the world tree not only as a sacral centre of the world but also as an ordering element of chaos.
在哈萨克族的仪式和日常实践中,世界树的象征
世界树的形象在世界各国人民的神话中是普遍的,它象征着宇宙的中心——宇宙的中心,空间和时间的创造之地。这个普遍的神话符号也承载着生与死的意义。世界树的概念在人类生命周期传统的各个方面具有许多意义。从摇篮到坟墓,“树”陪伴着哈萨克人民的仪式。在哈萨克人民的文化空间中,世界树是传统文化法典化的一个关键因素,存在于传统世界观的各个层面。在哈萨克人的仪式中,随着时间的推移,世界树的象征得到了额外的解释,失去了原来的意义。然而,尽管如此,语义分析允许再现其原始意义,被认为是世界结构的关键要素。本文运用结构符号学和比较法分析了哈萨克人日常仪式实践中的世界树符号。作者认为,在日常生活中使用的巴坎、马柱和仪式杖反映了哈萨克人对世界树的看法,他们认为世界树不仅是世界的神圣中心,而且是混乱的秩序因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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