Occupational Hearing Loss

J. Kwon, Jiho Lee
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Abstract

Occupational hearing loss received attention after the Industrial Revolution and through World Wars I and II. It currently accounts for the largest portion of occupational diseases, and a third of all hearing loss is due to noise. Occupational hearing losses include noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), hearing loss caused by ototoxic substances and hearing loss caused by their complex interactions. In the case of NIHL, even when exposed to the same noise, the degree of hearing damage and recovery may vary from person to person, and also be affected by other noise in daily life. Various organic solvents and some heavy metals exposed in workplace are important causes of ototoxic hearing loss, and they are known to have additive or synergistic effects when accompanied by noise. In Korea, NIHL is the most common occupational disease and has been increasing continuously since the 1990s. The number of claims for compensation has also been increasing steadily. However, the developed country including Korea almost never considered the effects of chemicals on the diagnosis and compensation for hearing loss workers. Occupational hearing loss can be prevented through hearing conservation programs. In this chapter, we will introduce the scientific basis of noise induced hearing loss, the impacts of ototoxic substance and co-existence impact on hearing loss.
职业性听力损失
职业性听力损失在工业革命之后和第一次和第二次世界大战期间受到关注。它目前占职业病的最大部分,三分之一的听力损失是由噪音造成的。职业性听力损失包括噪声性听力损失(NIHL)、耳毒性物质引起的听力损失以及它们复杂相互作用引起的听力损失。在NIHL病例中,即使暴露在相同的噪声中,听力损伤和恢复的程度也可能因人而异,并且还会受到日常生活中其他噪声的影响。工作场所暴露的各种有机溶剂和某些重金属是耳中毒性听力损失的重要原因,已知它们在伴随噪声时具有加性或协同效应。在韩国,NIHL是最常见的职业病,自20世纪90年代以来一直在不断增加。要求赔偿的数目也在稳步增加。但是,包括韩国在内的发达国家几乎没有考虑到化学物质对听力损失工人的诊断和赔偿的影响。职业性听力损失可以通过听力保护项目来预防。本章将介绍噪声致聋的科学依据、耳毒性物质对听力损失的影响及共存影响。
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