The Origin of Intercultural Dialogue Practice in European Union External Action

P. de Perini
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Abstract

This paper analyses the origin of the practice of ‘intercultural dialogue’ as a tool for European Union external action towards the Mediterranean. ICD is currently a relevant instrument in EU external relations. However, when it was first launched in 1995, in the policy initiative known as the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership or the Barcelona Process, ICD was granted little effort by the partners involved. Many accounts from that period agree that this tool initially took a back seat if compared to other political-economic priorities in the EU agenda in this initiative. The paper aims to investigate the reasons for the initial neglect of this tool, which was considered by many to be a relevant innovation when it was launched, but that has actually become a relevant resource for EU external action only recently. Through analysis of EU policy documents of the period, the paper demonstrates that the EU had envisaged strategic use of ICD before 1995, in particular, in the hope of tackling key issues, such as mounting xenophobia in Europe and escalating Islamic fundamentalism in the Maghreb. It thus identifies a dual explanation for the limited and ineffective scope attributed to ICD in the first years of the Barcelona Process. On the one hand, in 1995 a number of Mediterranean partner countries were reluctant to lend much credit to the intercultural aspects of regional cooperation, and, on the other, the EU at that time had a growing but still restrained perception of urgency for the emerging issues that ICD was designed to address.
欧盟对外行动中跨文化对话实践的起源
本文分析了“跨文化对话”作为欧盟对地中海采取对外行动的工具的实践起源。ICD目前是欧盟对外关系的相关工具。然而,1995年在欧洲-地中海伙伴关系或巴塞罗那进程的政策倡议中首次启动ICD时,参与的伙伴几乎没有给予ICD多少努力。那段时期的许多说法都认为,与欧盟议程中的其他政治经济优先事项相比,这一工具最初处于次要地位。本文旨在调查最初忽视这一工具的原因,这一工具在推出时被许多人认为是一项相关的创新,但实际上直到最近才成为欧盟对外行动的相关资源。通过对这一时期欧盟政策文件的分析,本文表明,欧盟在1995年之前就设想了对ICD的战略性使用,特别是希望解决关键问题,如欧洲日益增长的仇外心理和马格里布地区不断升级的伊斯兰原教旨主义。因此,它为《国际疾病分类》在巴塞罗那进程的头几年的有限和无效范围确定了双重解释。一方面,1995年,一些地中海伙伴国家不愿对区域合作的跨文化方面给予太多信任,另一方面,欧盟当时对《国际疾病分类》旨在解决的新出现问题的紧迫性有一种日益增长但仍然有限的认识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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