Application of chaining therapy for improving fine motoric skills as self being basic skills in children with down syndrome

Abstract

1. IntroductionBased on the data obtained, today more and more abnormal children born in Indonesia, however they also have the opportunity to develop their potential maximally. They did not choose for be them become abnormal as it is now, therefore it is the duty of everyone to help children that have special needs such as Down syndrome child to optimize capabilities. One of the assistance given is direct interventions for improve in fine motor skills with chaining technique. Although Down syndrome children have a deficiency in academic terms, but they can master vocational skills that can help them later. Therefore, children motor skills children need to be considered and developed maximally, so eventually they were able to be independent and not depend on others.2. Problem StatementThe difficulty to form behavior in child with downsyndrome3. Research questionsHow to form new behavior using chainig therapy in child with downsyndrome?4. Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study is for apply the chaining chaining therapy for improve in fine motor skills that eventually followed by an increase in the capacity and skills being self in children with down syndrome5. Research MethodsClinical interview is the most commonly used assessment in children and the parents (Sattler, 1998 in Mash & Wolfe, 1999: 104). Interviews were conducted in the mother and significant other to dig up information on the subject at home and doing interviews on teacher and school psychologist associated with the behavior of the subjects in school. In addition, the observation made by observing the object or the subject concerned or in a particular environment and behavior. Observations made on the physical appearance of the child, according to the physical characteristics that arise in children with Down syndrome are related to the five aspects of the child's fine motor skills, that is stability, bilateral coordination, sensation, dexterity (skilled) and the ability of self coached. Observations made since the first meeting until the implementation of the intervention. Psychological tests are also given, in the form of a series of tests that have been standardized for the purpose of assessment of a person to reveal some aspects, such as cognitive ability, skills or capabilities and aspects of personality (Mash & Wolfe, 1999: 116).One of the instruments use for development assessment in Down syndrome children are Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) developed by Dr. Edgar A. Doll in Vineland, New Jersey. The main goal in designing this scale for measure social maturity, which can help provide a diagnosis of mental retardation (Payne & Patton, 1981: 198). Scale use VSMS aims to understand the condition of the subjects before and after the intervention associated with the ability of self-adaptive or coaching ability as one of the subjects and tool for evaluating effectiveness of intervention. One of the cognitive assessment instrument in the Down syndrome children use the scale Stanford - Binet in order to know intelligence capacity that owned by the subject to get an IQ score and also Mental Age (MA). MA is the measurement of outcomes the child mental achievement in year term (Mash and Wolfe, 1999: 340). Additionally, in the assessment of motor, that is Visual Motor Integration Test or VMI tests.With this test, expected to know child's abilities visual motoric integration that includes visual perception and coordination of motor movements. Intended use of the test as a screening tool VMI prior to the intervention and measurement as an evaluation after the intervention associated with the change of the fine motor skills in the subject. The subjects in this study were 2 children, ie children with characteristics according to Down syndrome patients aged 8 and 10 years. Research sites in inclusive schools in Surabaya, researchers act as a substitute teacher in school and conduct home visit. …