Opposition and Acceptance of GM-food and GM-medicine

H. Siipi, V. Launis
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引用次数: 6

Abstract

European citizens are quite happy to use genetically modified medicine, while they are rather critical towards genetically modified food. In this paper, we analyse philosophical and conceptual reasons for and against this asymmetry in the attitudes of Europeans. Moreover, we consider the justifiability of this difference in attitudes. We conclude that all GM-foods and all GM-medicines do not differ dramatically with respect to their intended purposes and outcomes - at least the ones associated with the saving of human lives. However, people worry far more about the possible undesirable health related, environmental, and social side-effects of GM-food than those of GM-medicine. This may be explained partly by differences in experienced trust in actors and authorities within these two industries, and partly by differences in production procedures. The asymmetry in people's views can also be explained by the different roles food and medicine play in our daily lives. Food is usually associated with values that contradict genetic modification, whereas in the case of medicine values compatible with genetic modification usually prevail. Moreover, food is more intimately related to our social life and personal life choices than medicine. Some life styles adopted by people restrict the use of GM-food, whereas life style restrictions on GM-medicine are considerably rarer. Thus, the asymmetry in people's attitudes concern- ing GM-food and GM-medicine may well be justified and rational - at least from the point of view of the deeper values and beliefs people hold.
转基因食品和转基因药物的反对与接受
欧洲公民对使用转基因药物相当满意,但对转基因食品持相当批判的态度。在本文中,我们分析了欧洲人态度中这种不对称的哲学和概念原因。此外,我们考虑这种态度差异的合理性。我们得出的结论是,所有转基因食品和所有转基因药物在其预期目的和结果方面没有显著差异——至少在与拯救人类生命有关的目的和结果方面如此。然而,与转基因药物相比,人们更担心转基因食品可能对健康、环境和社会产生的不良影响。这可以部分解释为对这两个行业内的行为者和当局的经验信任的差异,部分解释为生产程序的差异。人们观点的不对称也可以用食物和药物在我们日常生活中扮演的不同角色来解释。食品通常与与基因改造相矛盾的价值观联系在一起,而在药物的情况下,与基因改造相容的价值观通常占上风。此外,与药物相比,食物与我们的社会生活和个人生活选择的关系更为密切。人们所采用的一些生活方式限制了转基因食品的使用,而对转基因药物的生活方式限制则相当少。因此,人们对转基因食品和转基因药物的态度的不对称可能是合理的和合理的——至少从人们持有的更深层次的价值观和信仰的角度来看是这样。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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