In Dust

Hala Alyan
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Background: Recent meta-analyses demonstrate an association between self-reported residential pesticide use and childhood leukemia risk. Self-reports may suffer from recall bias and provide information only on broad pesticide categories. We compared parental self-reported home and garden pest treatments to pesticides measured in carpet dust. Methods: Parents of 277 children with leukemia and 306 controls in Northern and Central California (2001 – 2007) were asked about insect and weed treatments during the previous year. Carpet dust samples were analyzed for 47 pesticides. We present results for the 7 insecticides (carbaryl, propoxur, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, permethrin), 5 herbicides (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D], chlorthal, dicamba, mecoprop, simazine), and 1 synergist (piperonyl butoxide) that were present in home and garden products during the study period and were detected in ≥ 25% of carpet dust samples. We constructed linear regression models for the relative change in pesticide concentrations associated with self-reported treatment of pest types in cases and controls separately and combined, adjusting for demographics, housing characteristics, and nearby agricultural pesticide applications. Results: Several self-reported treatments were associated with pesticide concentrations in dust. For example, households with flea/tick treatments had 2.3 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.4, 3.7) times higher permethrin concentrations than households not reporting this treatment. Households reporting treatment for ants/cockroaches had 2.5 (95% CI: 1.5, 4.2) times higher cypermethrin levels than households not reporting this treatment. Weed treatment by a household member was associated with 1.9 (1.4, 2.6), 2.2 (1.6, 3.1), and 2.8 (2.1, 3.7) times higher dust concentrations of dicamba, mecoprop, and 2,4-D, respectively. Weed treatments by professional applicators were null/inversely associated with herbicide concentrations in dust. Associations were generally similar between cases and controls and were consistent with pesticide active ingredients in these products during the study time period. Conclusions: Consistency between self-reported pest treatments, concentrations in dust, and pesticides in products lends credibility to the exposure assessment methods and suggests that differential recall by case – control status is minimal.
在尘土
背景:最近的荟萃分析表明,自我报告的住宅农药使用与儿童白血病风险之间存在关联。自我报告可能存在回忆偏差,并且仅提供关于广泛农药类别的信息。我们将父母自我报告的家庭和花园害虫处理情况与地毯灰尘中测量的农药进行了比较。方法:对2001 - 2007年加利福尼亚州北部和中部地区277例白血病患儿和306例对照患儿的家长进行调查,了解前一年对病虫害和杂草的处理情况。对地毯粉尘样品进行了47种农药分析。我们报告了在研究期间出现在家庭和园艺产品中的7种杀虫剂(威威、残杀威、毒死蜱、二嗪农、氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯)、5种除草剂(2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸[2,4- d]、氯灭、麦草畏、甲氯丙、辛马嗪)和1种增效剂(胡椒酰丁醇)的结果,这些杀虫剂在≥25%的地毯灰尘样本中被检测到。我们分别构建了与病例和对照中自我报告的病虫害类型处理相关的农药浓度相对变化的线性回归模型,并对人口统计、住房特征和附近农业农药应用进行了调整。结果:几种自我报告的处理方法与粉尘中农药浓度有关。例如,进行跳蚤/蜱虫处理的家庭的氯菊酯浓度比未进行处理的家庭高2.3倍(95%可信区间[CI]: 1.4, 3.7)。报告了蚂蚁/蟑螂处理的家庭的氯氰菊酯水平比未报告这种处理的家庭高2.5倍(95%置信区间:1.5,4.2)。家庭成员对杂草的处理与麦草畏、甲氧丙醚和2,4- d的粉尘浓度分别增加1.9(1.4,2.6)、2.2(1.6,3.1)和2.8(2.1,3.7)倍相关。专业施药者对杂草的处理与粉尘中的除草剂浓度呈零相关或负相关。病例和对照组之间的关联大致相似,并且与研究期间这些产品中的农药有效成分一致。结论:自我报告的害虫处理、粉尘浓度和产品中的农药之间的一致性为暴露评估方法提供了可信度,并表明病例控制状态的差异召回是最小的。
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