Incentives for the reuse of electric vehicle batteries for load-shifting in residences

Abstract

With growing uncertainty in electricity prices and rising concern about climate change, there is increased need to reduce both energy costs and carbon emissions. One way to accomplish these goals is through load-shifting provided by the reuse of the large lithium ion batteries currently found in most electric vehicles (EVs). When used as a load-shifting device, a used EV battery has the potential to help a residential user reduce the cost of their electric bill and contribute to a reduction in emissions while also laying groundwork for the future 'smart grid'. To study this, a MatLAB model is developed and implemented to examine the use of an EV battery that is reused for peak shifting in a typical household. The results of the simulation for number of different incentive types are compared using a multi-criteria decision making approach to arrive at a policy choice that satisfies both government and consumer stakeholders.