Out of the Shadows

Abstract

Sexual minority and gender-diverse (SM/GD) persons experience depression, anxiety, suicidality, and substance use issues at a disproportionate rate when compared with heterosexuals. Stigma, minority stress, and prejudicial social attitudes and institutional policies are viewed as the reason for this. The disparities in access to health care for SM/GD persons is significant and is perceived as due to lack of access to competent care as well as mistrust of health care professionals on the part of SM/GD persons. SM/GD teens and elders, as well as individuals with low socioeconomic status, those living in rural areas, and those with disabilities, are particularly vulnerable. Recommendations for changes in health care policy, as well as strategies for improving the cultural competence of health care providers and evidence-based treatments, are discussed. Additionally, further research, standardizing health care training to include SM/GD persons, prevention, and inter-organizational advocacy are recommended.