Design and investigation of dielectric resonator antenna oscillator (DRAO) in electronic toll collection (ETC) system

Abstract

A novel dielectric resonator antenna oscillator (DRAO), which realizes dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) and dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) simultaneously, is presented in this paper. The design procedure of the parallel-feedback type DRAO at dedicated short range communications band is discussed. Firstly, the DRA was three-dimensional simulated by HFSS. Then the DRO was designed based on the negative resistance theory, using the ADS software for optimization and nonlinear analysis. Finally, it was integrated in the on-board unit (OBU) of electronic toll collection (ETC) system. The experimental results of the OBU show that the performance of the DROA is well and it can be used in real ETC system.