Use of Doppler focusing to resolve spatial channels from moving platforms

Linli Cui, D. Michelson
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Abstract

Models of the spatial distribution of the scatterers that surrounds a transmission path, i.e., spatial channel models, play a crucial role in predicting the performance of multiple-input multiple-output wireless communication systems. Most conventional approaches to characterizing spatial channels based on measured channel response data require either mechanically steerable directional antennas or multiple antenna systems at both the transmitter and receiver to resolve the directions of arrival and departure. Here, we show that when either the receiving or transmitting platform is moving with a constant velocity, as in the case of high speed rail, the channel measurement system can be simplified considerably by exploiting the manner in which the signal associated with a multipath component located at a given angle with respect to the direction of travel is Doppler shifted. Further, the accuracy and resolution of the spatial channel model that is so obtained can be improved greatly by collecting the entire range-Doppler history of the returns from a given scatterer and focusing them into a single point using techniques adopted from bistatic synthetic aperture radar signal processing. Fourier methods commonly used to process SAR data are not appropriate here due to the proximity of the scatterers to the transmission path. The back projection technique, however, is entirely suitable albeit at the expense of greater computational overhead.
使用多普勒聚焦来解析来自移动平台的空间信道
围绕传输路径的散射体的空间分布模型,即空间信道模型,在预测多输入多输出无线通信系统的性能方面起着至关重要的作用。大多数基于测量的信道响应数据来表征空间信道的传统方法要么需要机械可操纵的定向天线,要么需要发射器和接收器上的多个天线系统来解析到达和离开的方向。在这里,我们表明,当接收或发射平台以恒定速度移动时,如在高速铁路的情况下,通道测量系统可以通过利用与位于相对于行进方向的给定角度的多径分量相关的信号进行多普勒频移的方式来大大简化。此外,通过采用双基地合成孔径雷达信号处理技术,收集给定散射体回波的整个距离-多普勒历史,并将其聚焦到一个点,可以大大提高空间信道模型的精度和分辨率。通常用于处理SAR数据的傅里叶方法在这里不合适,因为散射体靠近传输路径。然而,反向投影技术是完全合适的,尽管代价是更大的计算开销。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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