An Assessment of Long-Term Urban Heat Island Impact on Istanbul’s Climate

M. Baykara
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Abstract

Istanbul with its high urban population increase and rapid rate of its unplanned urbanization, it is critical to investigate the relations between urban heat island, population growth, and changes in the urban land use. The aim of this work is to study the local climate change and the effects of urbanization on urban climate of megacity Istanbul. Temporal variations of urban heat island (UHI) and UHI intensity in Istanbul were analyzed by using air temperature data measured by five meteorology stations for the period of 1951–2020. Minimum, maximum, and mean temperature data of Istanbul were used to understand the possible impacts of urbanization on the climate of the megacity. In addition, Corine Land Cover (CLC) datasets for the years 1990, 2000, 2012, and 2018, were used to visualize the spread of urban cover throughout the city. Seasonal observations data were statistically tested for monotonic trends. Significant upward trends in temperature were found in all selected stations, both rural and urban. The air temperature in urban areas, densely populated residential areas of the Istanbul, has increased more in years compared to its rural parts. The results showed an increase of night time (minimum temperature) temperature in both urban and rural stations between 0.010 – 0.047 °C yr-1 and an increase of daytime (maximum temperature) in all stations between 0.026 – 0.034 °C yr-1. The urban heat island impact increased over Istanbul with the expansion of the urban areas toward rural areas further reducing green areas.
城市热岛对伊斯坦布尔气候的长期影响评估
伊斯坦布尔城市人口增长迅速,无计划城市化速度快,因此研究城市热岛、人口增长和城市土地利用变化之间的关系至关重要。本研究的目的是研究伊斯坦布尔特大城市的局部气候变化和城市化对城市气候的影响。利用1951—2020年伊斯坦布尔5个气象站的气温资料,分析了伊斯坦布尔城市热岛(UHI)和热岛强度的时间变化特征。利用伊斯坦布尔的最低、最高和平均温度数据来了解城市化对特大城市气候可能产生的影响。此外,还使用了1990年、2000年、2012年和2018年的Corine土地覆盖(CLC)数据集来可视化整个城市的城市覆盖范围。对季节观测数据进行单调趋势的统计检验。在所有选定的站点,无论是农村还是城市,温度都有显著的上升趋势。在伊斯坦布尔人口密集的居民区,城市地区的气温多年来比农村地区上升得更多。结果表明:在0.010 ~ 0.047℃之间,城乡站点夜间(最低温度)温度均呈上升趋势;在0.026 ~ 0.034℃之间,各站点日间(最高温度)均呈上升趋势。伊斯坦布尔的城市热岛影响随着城市向农村地区的扩张而增加,进一步减少了绿地面积。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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