BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF FRUIT BODIES OF MEDICINAL BASIDIOMYCETES

SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY Part 2 Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI:10.46646/sakh-2021-2-96-99

A. S. Rodzkin, T. S. Erchinskaya, N. Ikonnikova

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Abstract

The content of the main biochemical components: protein, polysaccharides, lipids, melanin pigments, and phenolic compounds was studied in the fruit bodies of strains of fungi of the genera Ganoderma, Inonotus, Phallus, and Pleurotus. The amount of total and true protein was 14.6-28.0% and 10.9-18.5%, respectively, polysaccharides-10.8-28.4%, lipids-3.1-3.5%, phenolic compounds-580-2200 mg%. Higher protein content was observed in the strains of the fungus P. ostreatus, polysaccharides - in the strains of G. lucidum and Ph. impudicus, phenolic compounds in the strains of the fungus I. obliquus. The largest amount of polysaccharides (22.0-24.0 %) was isolated from the fruit bodies of G. lucidum (reishi). The leader in the content of polysaccharides in the dry biomass of fruit bodies is the fungus Phallus impudicus (common Veselka). The fruit bodies of Chaga I. obliquus (strains KI 5, KI 7) and Veselka Ph. impudicus (strains PI 2, PI 5, and PI 9) contained significant amounts of melanin pigments - 10.3-13.8% and 7.1-7.4%, respectively.

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药用担子菌子实体成分组成的生化特性

研究了灵芝属、牛乳属、阳菇属和侧耳菇属真菌菌种子实体中主要生化成分蛋白质、多糖、脂质、黑色素和酚类化合物的含量。总蛋白含量14.6 ~ 28.0%，真蛋白含量10.9 ~ 18.5%，多糖含量10.8 ~ 28.4%，脂质含量3.1 ~ 3.5%，酚类化合物含量580 ~ 2200mg %。真菌P. ostreatus的蛋白质含量较高，真菌G. lucidum和Ph. impudicus的多糖含量较高，真菌I. obliquus的酚类化合物含量较高。从灵芝子实体中提取的多糖含量最高，为22.0 ~ 24.0%。果体干生物量中多糖含量最高的是真菌Phallus impudicus (common Veselka)。Chaga I. obliquus(菌株KI 5、KI 7)和Veselka Ph. impudicus(菌株PI 2、PI 5和PI 9)的子实体中黑色素含量分别为10.3 ~ 13.8%和7.1 ~ 7.4%。

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SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY Part 2

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