Which Invasive Electrode to Implant in Humans for Prosthetic use?

Abstract

It has long been maintained that tine type electrodes are adequate for long-term prosthetic command signals. Even Elon Musk has developed an electrode that is claimed to record 3072 single units [1]. He further claims it can be used for long-term prosthetic devices. The tine type Utah array (Blackrockmicro Inc.) has been championed as the savior of long-term prosthetic control. However, even the researchers admit that its lifetime is limited because it loses 85% of single units within three years [2]. It suffers the fate of all foreign bodies, namely, scarring at the electrode tip. This will obviously occur with all metal and tine type electrodes that pierce the cortex. So move over Blackrock, move over Elon, there is another way to do it.