Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a normal physiological process that entails relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, independent of swallowing.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is frequent, persistent, and troublesome symptoms associated with GER, leading to complications or sequelae or complications associated with GER.GER is prevalent in the first 5 months after birth; most cases resolve by 12 to 14 months of age, and almost all by 24 months of age.No single criterion standard test or testing approach allows a definitive diagnosis of GER or GERD.Diagnosis of reflux disorders is generally based on a description of symptoms in the absence of alternative diagnoses.Many diagnostic modalities can be used in a thoughtful and serial manner to provide specific information about the cause and severity of acid reflux and to investigate for associated or alternative conditions.Management of GER/GERD involves lifestyle modifications, buffering agents, acid suppression, promoters of gastric emptying, and motility.Surgical therapy is reserved for children at risk for significant life-threatening complications of GERD.