Determination of Second-Life Battery Capacity and Load Rating for a Standalone E-Bike Charging Station Powered by Hybrid Renewable Energy System

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a standalone e-bike charging station powered by a hybrid renewable energy source including small wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaic (PV) panels. In order to compensate the mismatch between power supply and the load demand, an energy storage system (BESS) is also included. The use of second-life lithium-ion batteries in the BESS contributes to reduce the cost of the system. A cost function composed of the total income and the cost of the BESS and the installed load charging ports is defined in order to determine the optimal second-life BESS capacity and load rating. Three constraints regarding the power of BESS, the state-of-charge (SOC) of BESS, and the loss of power supply probability are included in the optimization problem. The first and second constraints ensure that the BESS works properly, whereas the third one aims to meet the load demand. Moreover, with the lack of available historical data of the load for e-bike charging stations, a load model is developed by considering the time of the day and the weather conditions. In order to evaluate the proposed method, a case study is defined using real long-term weather data collected in Montreal, Canada and considering the design of a 1.2-kW e-bike charging station.