Prevalence and Risk Factors for Diabetic Complications: 8-Year Retrospective Report from a Single Regional Diabetes Center to the Eastern Region of Morocco

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the risk factors of diabetes and its complications in the eastern region. Design: This is a retrospective study conducted on diabetic patients followed at the regional center of diabetology and chronic diseases in Oujda for the period 2012-2019. Materials and Methods:Clinical, biological, therapeutic and anthropometric data were collected from patient records. Result: A total of 3.976 patients participated in the study. The frequency of complications is around 1/3. One diabetic out of four has at least one modifiable cardiovascular risk factor: arterial hypertension at 25.35%, dyslipidemia at 12.67%, overweight and obesity at 35.48% and 27.8%. The most discriminating factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications in order of importance are age of diabetes, hypertension, HbA1c and dyslipidemia, statistically significant associations were found with p 0.0082, 0.0001, 0.002, 0.0001 respectively). Then a multifactorial analysis coupled with a hierarchical ascending classification in birth data to two large groups of diabetics with complications and those without complications. Discussion: The age of trend T2DM has fallen to less than 40 years, so that the first characteristics of an epidemiological and nutritional transition are being established in our region. In addition, blood pressure and glycemic imbalance in diabetics reflect a problem of medical and therapeutic management that needs to be resolved. Conclusion: The pathogenesis of diabetic complications is multifactorial. However, medical care must be taken to reduce the risk of degenerative complications.