Comparison of Light Sensors for Arc Detection inside Power Transformer Tanks : Basic Investigations

M. Kuhnke, R. Sargazi, P. Werle
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Transformer explosions and fires are the most dangerous consequences of transformer faults. Besides the financial loss, consequences are often environmental pollution, fires and personal injury or even death. Especially for substations in densely populated areas, this is a very high risk. As protection each transformer is equipped with a Buchholzrelay (BHR), which identifies such failures, thus a circuit breaker (CB) can trip the transformer. The time between the internal breakdown and the disconnection of the transformer is approximately 4-5 cycles, which are almost equally split between the response times of the BHR and the CB. However, in some cases the tripping of the transformer is not fast enough in order to prevent a tank rupture and the catastrophic collateral damages described above. Therefore faster arc detection systems are under investigation like the use of photo sensitive semiconductors inside the transformer tank to detect the light emission from an arc and to trigger the circuit breaker. Currently, there are many unanswered questions about the reliability, sensitivity, operating temperatures and lifespan of these new optic systems. In this paper the characteristics of different light sensitive semiconductors, such as light dependent resistors, and photodiodes are compared in regard to their possible application inside power transformers. Moreover, performance of certain measuring circuits with the different semiconductors are presented and compared at different distances to an arc with temperature variation. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the different semiconductor types, and the benefits and limits of arc sensing with light sensors are discussed.
电力变压器箱内电弧检测光传感器的比较:基础研究
变压器爆炸和火灾是变压器故障最危险的后果。除了经济损失,后果往往是环境污染、火灾和人身伤害甚至死亡。特别是对于人口密集地区的变电站,这是非常高的风险。作为保护,每个变压器都配备了布赫霍尔兹继电器(BHR),它可以识别此类故障,因此断路器(CB)可以跳闸变压器。内部击穿和变压器断开之间的时间约为4-5个周期,在BHR和CB之间的响应时间几乎相等。然而,在某些情况下,变压器的跳闸速度不够快,不足以防止储罐破裂和上述灾难性附带损害。因此,人们正在研究更快的电弧检测系统,比如在变压器油箱内使用光敏半导体来检测电弧发出的光并触发断路器。目前,关于这些新型光学系统的可靠性、灵敏度、工作温度和使用寿命,还有许多悬而未决的问题。本文比较了不同的光敏半导体,如光敏电阻和光电二极管的特性,以及它们在电力变压器中的可能应用。此外,还介绍了采用不同半导体材料的某些测量电路的性能,并比较了它们在不同距离电弧温度变化下的性能。最后,讨论了不同半导体类型的优缺点,以及光传感器电弧传感的优点和局限性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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