Co-immunity. An Ontological Political Paradigm

Gian Marco Galasso
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Abstract

The aim of this article is, based on Jacques Derrida’s and Roberto Esposito’s reflection, to articulate a philosophical paradigm that would be able to face with what I propose to call the autoimmunitarian logic of nihilism. Dealing with this logic means, first and foremost, to face “the negative” that runs through our experience without rejecting or absolutizing it. It means to think the relation between life and politics, society and institutions not in a merely oppositive way but rather in a constructive and affirmative manner. Even if in many of his works Esposito criticizes Derrida precisely for his conception of autoimmunity, in this article, I intend to show that both the philosophers orient their analyses towards what I consider the most appropriate ontological political paradigm for reading the actual political events – what they both call “co-immunity”. In the first section, I establish some methodological coordinates useful to define the approach I consider the most appropriate for the purposes of this research, namely political ontology. In section two, from a diagnostic point of view, I analyse the autoimmunitarian logic of nihilism. To investigate this logic, I firstly concentrate on Esposito’s definition of nihilism, and then I refer to his analyses of the relation between community and immunity. In the third section, with the intention of taking a closer look at the political aspects of the question, I focus on the Derridean analysis of the aporias that are inherent in the very concept of democracy. In the last section, I briefly try to test the heuristic capacity of the co-immunity paradigm with respect to the biopolitical problems arising from the management of the pandemic crisis caused by COVID-19 (and discussed in the field of the Italian biopolitical debate).
Co-immunity。本体论的政治范式
本文的目的是,基于雅克·德里达和罗伯托·埃斯波西托的反思,阐明一种哲学范式,能够面对我所说的虚无主义的自我免疫逻辑。处理这种逻辑意味着,首先要面对贯穿我们经验的“消极”,而不是拒绝或绝对化它。它意味着思考生活与政治、社会和制度之间的关系,而不是仅仅以相反的方式,而是以建设性和肯定的方式。即使在埃斯波西托的许多作品中,他批评德里达正是因为他的自身免疫概念,在这篇文章中,我打算表明,这两位哲学家都将他们的分析定位于我认为最适合阅读实际政治事件的本体论政治范式——他们都称之为“共同免疫”。在第一部分中,我建立了一些方法论坐标,用于定义我认为最适合本研究目的的方法,即政治本体论。在第二部分,我从诊断的角度分析了虚无主义的自身免疫逻辑。为了研究这一逻辑,我首先关注埃斯波西托对虚无主义的定义,然后参考他对社区与免疫之间关系的分析。在第三部分中,为了更仔细地研究这个问题的政治方面,我将重点放在德里德里对民主概念本身固有的缺陷的分析上。在最后一节中,我简要地尝试测试关于由COVID-19引起的大流行危机管理引起的生物政治问题的共同免疫范式的启发式能力(并在意大利生物政治辩论领域进行了讨论)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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