Impacts Analysis & Field Implementation of Plug-in Electric Vehicles Participation in Demand Response and Critical Peak Pricing for Commercial Buildings

Abstract

Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) are becoming popular for their capabilities of reducing carbon emission. It's ability to act as a storage to provide power back to the grid while discharging can contribute to managing critical events. Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) events are some unpredictable events in which grid operators can be benefitted from consumer load control action behind the meter. This paper investigates the opportunity of electric vehicles' participation during any CPP event by activating vehicle to grid (V2G) mode of operation. A novel framework is developed to make vehicle to grid (V2G) operation efficient with a goal of reducing the overall cost for any EV owning consumer behind the meter. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem is formulated and solved to reduce the energy cost for a small commercial building that has two on-site PEVs. A range of pricing is modeled to show the effectiveness of this strategy along with all the usual constraints. The financial benefits of both the consumer and the utility operator are also discussed for this CPP handling strategy.