Population Control via Capitalism

Julia M. Puaschunder
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Abstract

In a realm of literature on influence factors on fertility rates; this paper innovatively introduces capitalism being associated with lowered fertility rates. Based on a 180 country strong worldwide data set and cross sectional correlation studies, this paper outlines that hallmark pillars of capitalism are all negatively associated with fertility rates. The 2017 Economic Freedom Index – comprising of input variables such as property rights protection, judicial effectiveness, government integrity, fiscal health, freedom of business, labor, monetary policy, trade, investment, finance, taxation, GDP freedoms as well as FDI inflows – is significantly negatively correlated with fertility rates around the globe. Based on a 139 country strong worldwide dataset on industrialization as measured by the UNIDO in the Industrialization Intensity Index of 2014 and fertility rates, a highly significant negative relation is found between industrialization and fertility rates around the world. Urban areas around the world tend to have higher fertility rates and access to markets within rural communities lowers fertility rates measured by the World Bank Rural Access Index for 64 countries around the world. The inverse relation of economic freedom and fertility was also found for 50 U.S. states based on the 2017 Economic Freedom Index and fertility rates in the United States. The historic examples of communism imploding giving way to free market mechanisms but also an Islamic regime changing towards a Western free market approach captures capitalism to crowd out fertility in a meta-analysis, which also finds higher education levels not being stringently related to fertility rates. Industrialization, globalization and capitalism lead to vanishing populations. Being occupied by production and consumption but also the entertainment of capitalist markets, economic mobility and international trade may distract societies to prosper regarding fertility. Focus on competing in markets may hinder from procreation. Equilibria und markets may have an undocumented negative effect on fertility. Unruled capitalism may lead to a falling rate of fertility, decimating the populace and eventually also the reserve pool of economic agents. The paper concludes with proposals how to use these novel insights as (1) birth control mechanism in those parts of the world, where overpopulation is currently demanding governments to find ways how to lower the fertility rate and (2) means to avert the falling rate of fertility in capitalist societies with a shrinking, aging population. Infusing capitalistic market freedoms in birth control needed territories but also taxing capitalist activities to fund parenthood through direct investment in social benefits and/or via subsidized parenthood to alleviate the tendency of the falling rate of fertility in the eye of capitalism is recommended concurrently, depending on the starting level on the overpopulation-low capitalism versus under-reproduction-high-capitalism spectrum. Revealing the found mechanism has also implications for advocacy to strengthen fertility and the intergenerational glue in light of vanishing populations in the Western world. In addition, the findings have innovative and futuristic prospects in the age of artificial intelligence. Robotics and artificial intelligence slowly taking over human capital labor activities but not being able to reproduce a human DNA is argued to increase the future value of humanness – and with that human fertility – in the artificial age.
通过资本主义控制人口
在关于生育率影响因素的文献领域;本文创新性地介绍了资本主义与低生育率的关系。基于全球180个国家的强大数据集和横断面相关性研究,本文概述了资本主义的标志性支柱都与生育率呈负相关。2017年经济自由指数——包括输入变量,如产权保护、司法效力、政府廉洁、财政健康、商业自由、劳工、货币政策、贸易、投资、金融、税收、GDP自由以及外国直接投资流入——与全球生育率呈显著负相关。根据联合国工发组织2014年工业化强度指数和生育率衡量的139个国家的全球工业化数据集,发现工业化与世界各地的生育率之间存在非常显著的负相关关系。世界各地的城市地区往往有较高的生育率,农村社区内的市场准入降低了世界银行对全球64个国家的农村准入指数衡量的生育率。以2017年美国经济自由指数和生育率为基准,美国50个州的经济自由度和生育率呈反比关系。历史上的例子有共产主义内部崩溃让位于自由市场机制,也有伊斯兰政权向西方自由市场转变的例子,这些例子在荟萃分析中抓住了资本主义挤出生育率的事实,该分析还发现,高等教育水平与生育率并没有严格的联系。工业化、全球化和资本主义导致人口消失。由于被生产和消费所占据,同时也被资本主义市场的娱乐所占据,经济流动性和国际贸易可能会分散社会对生育繁荣的注意力。专注于市场竞争可能会阻碍生育。均衡和市场可能对生育率有未被证实的负面影响。不受控制的资本主义可能导致生育率下降,导致人口大量减少,最终也会导致经济主体的储备池减少。论文最后提出了如何将这些新见解应用于以下方面的建议:(1)在世界上那些人口过剩的地区建立生育控制机制,这些地区目前要求政府找到降低生育率的方法;(2)在人口萎缩和老龄化的资本主义社会中避免生育率下降的方法。在计划生育中注入资本主义市场自由需要领土,但同时也建议对资本主义活动征税,通过直接投资社会福利和/或通过补贴生育来缓解资本主义眼中生育率下降的趋势,这取决于人口过剩-低资本主义与生育不足-高资本主义的起始水平。揭示这一发现的机制也对倡导加强生育和代际凝聚力具有启示意义,因为西方世界的人口正在消失。此外,这些发现在人工智能时代具有创新和未来的前景。机器人和人工智能慢慢地接管人力资本劳动活动,但不能复制人类DNA,有人认为这将增加人类的未来价值——以及人类的生育能力——在人工时代。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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