A sign of plant height and resistance to lodging of soft wheat varieties of the different variety rotation

Abstract

Plant height is an important component of the model of many wheat varieties. Studies aimed at identifying the relationship between important economic characteristics of wheat and heights are relevant given the long process of wheat domestication. The article highlights the results of a research of plant height and lodging resistance of 28 winter wheat varieties created in the period from 1971 to 2017. Studies have shown that varieties vary in height and lodging resistance over the years. In terms of height relative to the variety-standard Perlyna Lisostepu, the highest yield were of the varieties Zhuravka (112 cm), Miryutinka (113 cm), Kievskaya-73 (102 cm), Pamiati Girka (103 cm). The lowest varieties were Gnome (65 cm), Analog (77 cm), Kievskaya polukarlikova (76 cm), Shchedraya Polesia (83 cm). According to the resistance to lodging, the studied varieties can be attributed to different groups. Varieties created after 1992 were resistant to lodging: Kraevid, Polesskaya-90, Gnom, Analog, Kesaria Polisska, Olzhana. Conventionally dividing varieties into groups according to the years of creation in the period from 1971 to 2012, you can notice a tendency to decrease in height and increase resistance to lodging with each subsequent variety change. According to the results of field tests, the average height of winter soft wheat varieties of the Institute of Agriculture created in the period from 1992-2017 decreased by 5 cm compared to varieties created in the period from 1971 to 1992.So, the results obtained indicate the active involvement of short-stemmed genotypes in the breeding process of winter wheat, which are still being successfully studied. Most varieties of the Institute belong to the semi-dwarf group in terms of height and are highly resistant to lodging, and therefore are promising as a source of economically valuable traits.