Validation of an Infrastructure Independent CPAP for Newborns Suffering from Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), Birth asphyxia, Apnea of Prematurity (AOP) and Pneumonia are some of the common reasons of breathing issues in newborns often requiring external respiratory support. Traditionally, invasive mechanical ventilation was preferred. However, over the last two decades, various non-invasive practices have become popular as modes of respiratory support especially in premature cases. Unlike mechanical ventilation, these modes do not employ endo-tracheal tube and are commonly delivered by bi-nasal prongs through different mechanisms like Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP), which provides a continuous regulated supply of air/oxygen thus acting as an external breathing support. Providing a humidified output from the CPAP therapy improves comfort of the patient by offering protection against dry air, reducing the irritation. Yet another mechanism, Resuscitation, is an intervention after a baby is born to help it breathe and to help its heart beat. Oxygen therapy, Bubble CPAP Therapy and Resuscitation using bag-mask valve/ T-piece resuscitator are current treatment solutions used in NICU/ Inter & Intra-transport/Delivery Room (DR) due to its inexpensiveness thereby being most suitable for developing countries with limited resources. Saans is a multi-powered, easy-to-use neonatal CPAP Device, developed by Coeo Labs Pvt. Ltd. (a division of InnAccel Technologies Pvt. Ltd.), for neonates/infants suffering from breathing problems. This research paper aims on studying and validating Saans with different configurations using heated humidifier, bubble jar and resuscitation circuit (PIP & PEEP) as externals and various available solutions for neonatal breathing support to meet requirements of CPAP therapy & resuscitation in different clinical settings.