Chapter 1 Introduction

Abstract

............................................................................................................................iii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: SEXUAL POLITICS BEFORE 2000 ............................................................ 9 2.1. Revisiting “Civil Society” as Opposition to the State .................................................... 9 2.2. Legal Changes and the Importance of Networking in Yugoslavia ............................. 22 2.3. Gay and Lesbian Activism in Social Movements ......................................................... 35 2.4. Feminist Roots: Subverting within the Socialist System ............................................. 47 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY........................................................................................ 55 3.1. Critical Approaches to Discourse .................................................................................. 55 3.2. Materialist Feminist Politics of Discourse and the Subject ......................................... 68 3.3. Data .................................................................................................................................. 75 CHAPTER 4: DISCOURSES OF HUMAN RIGHTS, IDENTITY, AND SEXUAL CITIZENSHIP ....................................................................................................................... 81 4.1. Investing in Human Rights in Post-Cold War Europe ................................................ 81 4.2. Advanced Neo-liberal Capitalism and the Limits of “Human Rights” Discourses .. 87 4.3. Anti-Discrimination Laws as Neo-liberal Human Rights ........................................... 96 4.4. Sexual Citizenship ......................................................................................................... 112 CHAPTER 5: PROFESSIONALIZATION OF SEXUAL POLITICS IN THE 2000s IN CROATIA ............................................................................................................................. 123 5.1. Shift from Movements to NGOs .................................................................................. 123 5.2. The Division of Labor in the LGBT NGO Scene ....................................................... 130 5.3. The Role of International Organizations and Donors ............................................... 147 5.4. Government Shaping Civil Society.............................................................................. 163 5.5. Community and Solidarity ........................................................................................... 174 C E U eT D C ol le ct io n v CHAPTER 6: EUROPEANIZATION AND SEXUAL RIGHTS ................................... 185 6.1. European Union Accession........................................................................................... 188 6.2. Croatia and Europe: Contesting the “Balkans” ........................................................ 195 6.3. Transnational Activism: Advocacy and Lobbying .................................................... 205 6.4. Homophobia and European Identity in the Discourses of Transnational Activists and European Institutions ................................................................................................... 217 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION............................................................................................ 234 WORKS CITED................................................................................................................... 241 INTERVIEWS/MEETINGS ............................................................................................... 259 CROATIAN LAWS ............................................................................................................. 261