Variation of Broodstock Sizes and Types of Aquatic Plantstoward Breeding and Survival of Newly Hatched Larvae of Climbing Perch(Anabas testudineus Bloch 1792)

Abstract

Like other countries (e.g. Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Viet Nam, India and Bangladesh), the presence of Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) in Indonesia also plays important role in both fisheries and aquaculture [1] due to its high quality meat, easy breeding, disease resisting, good consumer acceptance, and very adaptable to adverse environmental conditions such as low dissolve oxygenand thermal change [2,3].It is rich in iron and copper that support haemoglobin synthesis [4] and has high quality poly-unsaturated fats and many essential amino acids [5]. It also provides 19.50% of protein and 2.27% of lipid [6], whilecarbohydrate to lipid ratio (CHO: L) of 2.29 performed the best for growth performance, feed and proteinutilization and whole body composition [7]. This species inhabiting all freshwater bodies such as swamps, rivers, wetlands, canals, and reservoirs [8,9,10], and can be cultured at cages, tanks, nylon hapas, ponds and brackish water [11,12,13] with different culture management systems[14,15,16]. It is categorized by theInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (ICUN) as avulnerable species.Habitat modification, destructive fishing practices, and polluted habitats may potentially threat this species [17,18,19]. Somefundamental studies have been addressed to describe on breeding biology [2,20,21], fecundity [10,22,23], stocking density [12,24], boldness [25],seasonal gonad cycle [8], length-weight relationship and condition factor[9,26], morphometric characteristic [17],genetic characteristics [27,28], growth performance [16,29],feeding and social behavior [30],food habits [31], environmentally friendly fishing practices [1,32,33] or business prospect of this species[34].