Self-efficacy and adherence to medication and fluid restriction among patients undergoing hemodialysis: a correlational study

Abstract

Background Self-efficacy is the confidence in one’s ability to overcome barriers and perform a given task such as taking one’s medications and restrict the intake of fluids to attain the desired health outcomes for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Aim To determine the relationship between self-efficacy and adherence to medication and fluid restriction among patient undergoing HD. Design A descriptive correlational design was used. Sample A purposive sample of 116 adult male and female patients undergoing HD was recruited. Setting The study was conducted at the HD unit in Kom Hamada Specialized Hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health. Tools Four tools were used to collect data: Demographic and Medical Form, Morisky Medications Adherence Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy Scale, and Fluid Control in Hemodialysis Patients Scale. Results The mean age of patients under the study was 52.5±13.7 years. A positive correlation was found between fluid control and self-efficacy (r=0.23; P=0.01). Medication adherence among HD patients was low, with a mean of 7.4±2.3. Conclusion There was an inverse correlation between self-efficacy and medication adherence. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between fluid control and self-efficacy. Recommendations Periodic counseling and educational sessions among HD patients can improve confidence and adherence to medication and fluid restriction.