Atopic Dermatitis in Senegal: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Features

Abstract

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is on the rise in industrialized countries. It is underestimated in Africa. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary profile of atopic dermatitis, and to identify its impact on patients' quality of life. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective multicenter descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study in three dermatology referral departments in Dakar for over 3 years. We included all patients who consulted us for atopic dermatitis. Results: We identified 301 cases of atopic dermatitis, representing a hospital frequency of 0.6%. The mean age was 17 years. Pruritus was the main functional symptom. According to SCORAD, atopic dermatitis was mild in 50 cases (16.6%), moderate in 226 cases (75.10%), and severe in 25 cases (8.3%). AD was associated with seborrheic dermatitis in 1.9% and allergic contact dermatitis in 1.6%. Skin infections included staphylococcal in 8.97%, herpetic in 3.03% and scabies in 1.6%. Topical steroids and skin infections were the first-line treatment, in combining with therapeutic education. Methotrexate and azathioprine were used in 3 cases. Complete response was observed in 76.6% of patients. Conclusion: Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease in Senegal. Early management and therapeutic education can prevent complications and reduce the psychological and social impact.