Knowledge Embedding towards the Recommendation with Sparse User-Item Interactions

Abstract

Recently, many researchers in recommender systems have realized that encoding user-item interactions based on deep neural networks (DNNs) promotes collaborative-filtering (CF)'s performance. Nonetheless, those DNN-based models' performance is still limited when observed user-item interactions are very less because the training samples distilled from these interactions are critical for deep learning models. To address this problem, we resort to plenty features distilled from knowledge graphs (KGs), to profile users and items precisely and sufficiently rather than observed user-item interactions. In this paper, we propose a knowledge embedding based recommendation framework to alleviate the problem of sparse user-item interactions in recommendation. In our framework, each user and each item are both represented by the combination of an item embedding and a tag embedding at first. Specifically, item embeddings are learned by Metapath2Vec which is a graph embedding model qualified to embedding heterogeneous information networks. Tag embeddings are learned by a Skip-gram model similar to word embedding. We regarded these embeddings as knowledge embeddings because they both indicate knowledge about the latent relationships of movie-movie and user-movie. At last, a target user's representation and a candidate movie's representation are both fed into a multi-layer perceptron to output the probability that the user likes the item. The probability can be further used to achieve top-n recommendation. The extensive experiments on a movie recommendation dataset demonstrate our framework's superiority over some state-of-the-art recommendation models, especially in the scenario of sparse user-movie interactions.