Perspectives of the future and global leadership: ideas and concepts

Abstract

In the article a comparative analysis of the concepts of S. Huntington, F. Fukuyama and I. Wallerstein is carried out in order to identify the theoretical and methodological foundations of the coming future. I. Wallerstein's post-non-classical ideas foreshadowing the crisis of liberalism and the need to transform the foundations of Western democracy, the collapse of capitalism development paradigms, the growing interconnection of populism and authoritarianism, the formation of a new transitional period characterized by systemic disorder (chaos), acute political struggle on the principle “all against all”, lack of peaceful coexistence, stability and legality are most adequately reflected in the modern political process. In general, the future appears as a bundle of scenarios of varying degrees of probability, only some of which, bypassing the zones of uncertainty, can take place. This approach significantly changes the approach to higher education and the teaching of the humanities and social sciences. The second part of the article discusses the issues of defining the future by preceding events, highlighting the main and peripheral events that lay the foundation for the future. It is noted that even before the pandemic, the flaws of democracy and the growth of anti-liberal and anti-globalist sentiments in the world became noticeable, leading to national insularity, strengthening xenophobia, contributing to the growth of authoritarian regimes and their image in populist terms. It is emphasized that the majority of contemporary forecasts are alarmist in nature, they are value colored by deep pessimism and apocalyptic sentiments. Each country will have to cope with threats on its own, because the world must go through destructive processes in order to establish a new order, confirming Wallerstein's predictions. As you can see, we are talking about a serious reduction in the philosophy of education and its systemic paradigms.