Problems of Drinking Water Quality in the Western Regions of Ukraine

Abstract

Book DOI: 10.21467/abstracts.93 pollution rainwater various salts: chloride, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, calcium and potassium. Industrial emissions pollute precipitation, mainly due to the organic solvents of the nitrogen and sulfur oxides, which cause deposition of "acid rain". Chemicals used in agriculture have a negative impact on water quality. Thus, the quality of drinking water is a critical factor of human life. It is necessary to further develop and implement measures to improve water quality for the population, taking part in the creation of projects to improve the environment and to prevent technogenic disasters. Assessment of drinking water quality in Ukraine is determined according to SSNR 2.1.3.2630-10 [2]. The consumption of drinking water from artesian and surface sources of centralized and decentralized water supply to ensure that the necessary filters are used in modern resource-saving and energy-saving purification technology based on natural and artificial materials. In particular, granular materials using activated carbon or their analogues are graphite sorbents, using natural minerals as a filter material (saponites, zeolites, clinoptilolites, etc.) [3]. They have the ability to delete from the source water 93-96% carcinogenic, anthropogenic compounds, petroleum products, detergents, pesticides, chlorinated and organic compounds. The most effective method of drinking water purification is the method of using the powder of permeable materials based on natural minerals – saponite [4]. The raw materials of natural mineral saponiteacquire on Taskivske and Varvarivske fields Khmelnitsky region (Ukraine). The sorption capacity of granular saponite is large enough: 60-200 mg/g, so they can be used for purification and purification of liquids. The mineral is also widely used for the purification of metal ions, for example, for the purification of galvanic effluents of heavy metal ions. At initial concentrations of heavy metal ions in (mg/dm3): copper – 38.5; nickel – 0.37; iron – 87.5; trivalent chromium – 9.6; hexavalent chromium – 2.1. After purification, the concentrations of metals in the purified water are found in small quantities and lie within the allowable level. The consumption of saponite powder is 2 kg/m3. The volatile organic matter from the saponite is removed by high-temperature desorption with air (120-140 °C), steam (200-300 °C) or flue gases (300-500 °C). Regeneration after absorption of heavy metals is carried out by heating in a stainless steel reactor at a temperature of 300 ° C for 4 h in an air stream. Saponite – titanium porous permeable materials made at the Lutsk National Technical University by powder metallurgy methods. Important steps in the manufacture of materials are the selection of the ratio of the charge, the mode of pressing, sintering (by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)), cooling rate, thermal effect with the required preset structure and morphology of open pores to obtain the required permeability, chemical, mechanical and thermal resistance. This technology of saponite – titanium powder permeable materials allows purification of drinking water according to SSNR with less financial cost than titanium filters [5]. References 1. Gulieva, N., Rud’, V. Problems while providing ecoclean drinking water for population living on territories contaminated radioactively. Actual Problems of Economics: Scientific economic journal. Kyiv, (2011), 10(124), 194–202. 2. SSNR 2.1.3.2630-10. On approval of the State sanitary norms and regulations "Hygienic requirements for drinking water intended for human consumption" Order of the MOH of Ukraine of May 12, 2010 No. 400. Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on July 1, 2010 under No. 452/17747. 3. Spivak, V., Astrelin, I., Tolstopalova, N., Atamaniuk. I. Ecological sorbent which is mainly consist of saponite mineral from Ukrainian clay-field. Chemistry & Chemical Technology. (2012), 6(4), 455–457. 4. Guliieva, N. The filtration efficiency of porous permeable materials of saponite – titanium system composite. Metallurgical and Mining Industry. (2016), 4, 97–99. 5. Increase in homogenization of bidisperse mixture of spongy titanium powders and reduction in energy consumption during its preparation in the production of thin permeable elements/ V.V. Savich, A.M. Taraykovich, G.A. Sheko and S.A. Bedenko// EURO PM2017 Metal Powder Report, 72(5), September/October, 2017, 327–330.