Medicinal Biospecificity of Ginger and Its Efficacious Bioactive Compounds in the Context of Its Biological Activities Against Predominant Health Issues: Current Study and New Avenues

Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-06-24 DOI:10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.371-389

H. Shahzad, Shaifa Saleem, Waqas Hanif, Zareena Ali, Muhammad Zeeshan Ahmed, H. Nawaz, Zelle Humma, Laraib Rana, Muhammad Qamar Farid, Hajira Kalsoom, Samavia Jaan

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Abstract

There is a multitude of life-threatening and widespread health issues worldwide, regarding weak immunity, severe inflammation, viral infections, bacterial infections as well as antimicrobial resistance (AMR), high free radicals generation, and cancer. Ginger, a perennial plant of the Zingiberaceae family with several authentic nutritional and medicinal values used in many countries as traditional medicine. That is why, the study was designed to highlight recent studies about medicinally most efficacious bio-active compounds of ginger along their biological significance related to immuno-stimulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects. Our study also recognized future gaps in research. The study included professional research data under duration from 2001-2022 appearing in books and scholarly journals, collected from scientific database platforms via PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Springer Nature, Science Direct and Scopus. The present study includes the medicinal effects of almost 44 most influential ginger compounds like phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, and vinyllyl ketonic compounds etc. Our results revealed the strong alleviating effects of gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and polyphenols. Moreover, the ginger essential oil has proven to be very effective both for antiviral and antibacterial activity. However, no data is available in previous literature for components of ginger involved in immuno-stimulatory, effects. There is also a need to explore components for antibacterial activity. However, research has been conducted on ginger for only a few viruses despite its strong alleviating effects. Besides this, more study is needed to comprehend the comprehensive mechanism of action (especially at the molecular level) regarding the anti-bacterial and anti-viral activity of ginger and its constituents.

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生姜的药用生物特异性及其有效生物活性化合物对主要健康问题的生物活性:目前的研究和新的途径

世界范围内存在许多危及生命和广泛存在的健康问题，包括免疫力低下、严重炎症、病毒感染、细菌感染以及抗菌素耐药性(AMR)、高自由基生成和癌症。姜，姜科的一种多年生植物，具有多种真正的营养和药用价值，在许多国家被用作传统药物。这就是为什么，这项研究的目的是强调最近关于生姜中最有效的生物活性化合物的研究，以及它们在免疫刺激、抗炎、抗病毒、抗菌、抗氧化和抗癌作用方面的生物学意义。我们的研究也发现了未来研究的空白。该研究包括2001年至2022年期间出现在书籍和学术期刊上的专业研究数据，这些数据来自PubMed、Web of Science、Google Scholar、Springer Nature、Science Direct和Scopus等科学数据库平台。本研究包括了生姜中酚类、萜类、黄酮类、乙烯基酮类等近44种最具影响力的化合物的药理作用。结果显示，姜辣素、茶酚、茶酚和多酚具有较强的缓解作用。此外，生姜精油已被证明具有非常有效的抗病毒和抗菌活性。然而，在以前的文献中，没有数据表明生姜成分参与免疫刺激作用。还需要探索具有抗菌活性的成分。然而，尽管生姜有很强的缓解作用，但研究只对少数病毒进行了研究。此外，生姜及其成分抗菌抗病毒活性的综合作用机制(特别是分子水平上的作用机制)还有待进一步研究。

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Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry

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