Representation of Women in Second-order Elections: The Czech Republic and Slovakia Compared

J. Kovář, K. Kovář
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Abstract Elections to the European Parliament (EP) fall into the category of second-order national elections. In these types of elections voters behave differently when casting their vote. But what about political parties: do they behave differently in EP elections than in national parliamentary elections? This article draws on available electoral data related to women's representation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia to explicitly link the second-order election (SOE) model to independent actions of political parties. The results show that women candidates have (1) more positions and better ranking on ballot lists; as well as (2) better chances of getting elected when running in SOEs in Slovakia but not in the Czech Republic. In order to explain this variance in results, the most similar system design (MSSD) was applied. The findings from the MSSD indicate that three variables have the potential to explain this variance in representation of women in EP elections between the countries: parties’ positions on European integration dimension, the numerical size of national legislature, and preferential voting. The variable parties’ positions on European integration have the highest explanatory power.
妇女在二级选举中的代表性:捷克共和国与斯洛伐克的比较
摘要欧洲议会选举属于二级国家选举。在这些类型的选举中,选民在投票时表现不同。但是政党呢:他们在欧洲议会选举中的表现与在全国议会选举中的表现不同吗?本文利用与捷克共和国和斯洛伐克妇女代表权有关的现有选举数据,明确地将二阶选举(SOE)模式与政党的独立行动联系起来。结果表明:(1)女性候选人的职位更多,在投票名单上的排名更高;(2)在斯洛伐克(而不是捷克共和国)的国有企业中任职,当选的机会更大。为了解释这种差异,我们采用了最相似系统设计(MSSD)。MSSD的研究结果表明,三个变量有可能解释各国之间在欧洲议会选举中女性代表性的差异:政党在欧洲一体化方面的立场、国家立法机构的数量规模和优先投票。不同党派在欧洲一体化问题上的立场具有最高的解释力。
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