Associations Between High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein and Metabolic Risk Factors, Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Japanese Men and Women

Abstract

After an overnight fast, blood samples were obtained to measure blood levels of routine medical check-up Background The associations between hs-CRP and metabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome (MS), diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were poorly studied in Japanese. Methods MS-related risk factors, MS defined by revised National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria for Japanese, Japanese metabolic syndrome (JMS), diabetes, and CKD were compared between subjects with the highest quartile of hs-CRP (Q4) and those with the lowest quartile of hs-CRP (Q1) using medical check-up data from 1880 men and 1079 women. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose (cid:0) 126 mg/dl and/or antidiabetic medication. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 and/or proteinuria. Results BMI, body fat %, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic BP, fasting glucose, TG, hs-CRP, gamma glutamyltransferase, ALT, LDL cholesterol, uric acid, WBC count, and heart rate were significantly higher and HDL cholesterol and eGFR were significantly lower in MS subjects than in non-MS subjects in both men and women. % vital capacity was significantly lower in MS subjects than in non-MS subjects in men. The prevalence of MS, JMS, and CKD was significantly higher in Q4 than in Q1 in both men and women and the prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in Q4 than in Q1 in men, but not in women. Conclusion The prevalence of MS, JMS, and CKD was significantly higher in Q4 than in Q1 in both men and women and the prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in Q4 than in Q1 in men. tests : glucose, TG, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HbA1 C , uric acid, blood cell counts, electrolytes, liver and kidney function tests including gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), ALT, creatinine, and hs-CRP. Sim-ple qualitative urinalyses were performed with test pa-pers. Chemical measurements were all performed at BML Nagaoka (Nagaoka, Japan) except for hs-CRP which was measured at BML General Laboratory (To-kyo, Japan) with nephelometry using N-latex CRP-2 (Siemens Healthcare Tokyo, Japan). The measurement limit of hs-CRP was 0.02 mg/l and the value of hs-CRP less than the measurement limit was considered as 0.01 mg/l. Heart rate was automatically re-corded with electrocardiography. Respiratory function tests were performed with Autospirometer System 7 (Minato Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated as = 194 × × age in men, and 194 × creatinine × age −0.287 × 0.739 in according to the Japanese Society Nephrol-ogy. Body fat % was with systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP was from two with the in a BW was wear pro-vided our and the of the wear was subtracted the BW. Waist circumference (WC) BMI